1. Charlemagne was known as the King of the Franks, as he is known for establishing the Carolingian Empire through a series of conquests. He also believed in a knowledgeable revitalization, even though he was illiterate. 2. The term used by historians for the middle age of Europe was called medieval.…
?? Joshua Waldoch Professor Laid Boswell History 120 9 October 2017 Public Opinion and the Papacy The Catholic Church has had a lasting impression on the European Landscape throughout history, and for the most part, the general public went along with the Catholic Church and the Pope because, that was all the people of Europe knew.…
This paper will summarize the article “The Renaissance Popes Provoke the Protestant Secession” from The March of Folly by Barbara Tuchman. Her article tells of the extravagance and negligence of the Papacy under Leo X which brought about the splintering of Christendom. Tuchman begins her article describing the opening ceremonies of the new Medici Pope, in which had been spent “one-seventh of the reserve Julius had left in the treasury” . During just the parade, Leo demonstrated “Medici munificence” by throwing gold coins to the masses. This early display of extravagance was multiplied several times over as the reign of Leo X drew on.…
In 1305, Philip IV convinced the body of Cardinals to appoint a French archbishop as the new pope. Clement V, the recently appointed pope, moved from Rome to the city of Avignon in France. The transfer to Avignon exceedingly enfeebled the Church. When reformers eventually attempted to relocate the papacy back to Rome, yet, the outcome was surprisingly severe. In 1378, Pope Gregory XI passed away while paying a visit to Rome.…
This was very new to the Catholic Church, who always had an episcopal government with a Pope to watch over the bishops. Before Protestantism, the Pope always had a totalitarian hierarchy, and his power…
Even after the hardships of the mid 14th century that lasted well into the 15th century, including the 100 years war and the black plague, the people still looked to the Catholic Church for help. The Catholic Church was basically keeping them from further chaos. Then, the Pope, Gregory XI, died, and it was a matter of deciding who the next pope should be.…
Before Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, people were at the mercy of the church. The Catholic Church ruled over the people of Europe. They used their religious authority to tell people how they were supposed to live and governed the people by not allowing them to have a say. With the invention of the printing press, Martin Luther led the establishment of the Protestant Reformation by questioning the church and its authority. Scribes were only able to copy religious text by hand and it was an arduous undertaking.…
As Guibert wrote at the beginning of the twelfth century, the height of the Dark Ages, the Christian church had taken on a life of its own. Papal authority affected everything and everyone throughout Western civilization and those without faith were…
The relationship between the Papacy and the Byzantine Empire has long since been a delicate balance between two of the most influential powers of the 8th and 9th centuries. There has always been a struggle between these two powers; a struggle concerning the jurisdictions of control each presides over one another. Some of the most influential moments in the history of the Papacy have occurred between the Pope and the Byzantine Empire; whether that may be the Iconoclast Controversy which sparked a public opposition of the use of images in church practices or the Schism of 1054 causing the separation between the Eastern Christian churches and the Western church. The tensions between the Papacy and the Byzantine Empire reached a high during this…
The Black Death (also called the plague) hit Europe, almost all things, mostly the daily elements of life, were under the influence of the Roman Catholic Church. During this time, almost every action one would make would require prayer. The church had always told the people right from wrong. The church and followers believed that the afterlife was more important than ones present life. It was a must to be given the last rights and to confess ones sins before dying to be sure of a peaceful afterlife.…
During the fifteenth century, the dominant government in Europe consisted of the king, the church, barons, and lords. There were countless Catholic Churches in England, Spain, France, Germany, and Italy during the eighteenth-century. By the beginning of the fifteenth century, the Church power and authority was well established and was supported by the monarchy. The Spanish church was firmly Catholic, but the courts obeyed the king. Ongoing disputes with France, Germany, and England were pushing the Church towards reforms that would eventually weaken the church and divide Europe.…
The Church has for a while been overstepping its powers in the political realm; the priests and bishops were selling God’s forgiveness and preaching doctrine in direct opposition to the reality of Christ’s message; the pope was thoroughly…
Medieval Europe as a society greatly shunned deviations from cultural norms or established religious orthodoxy. From this denouncement, persecution of minority groups was commonplace, and possibly even a defining trait of European society at the time. Notably, mistreatment of Jewish communities and supposed Christian heresies were the more common forms of religious persecution. Furthermore, even Christians could be subject to persecution, if certain individuals were accused of breaking ethical standards. Likely causes to these recurring instances of persecution may have stemmed from the lack of diversity, as well as the influential religious authority of the Catholic Church.…
1. What was the context of the Protestant Reformation? (3) At this point of history there was only one church in the West- Catholic church which was controlled by the pope. The church was corrupted and the pope and cardinal were living like kings.…
Much of Wycliffe’s adult life was influenced by the Avignon papacy controversy; which began in 1309 when the French Pope Clement V chose the city of Avignon for the seat of the papacy instead of Rome. It remained in France under…