While de Vaca represents an exception to the religiously-based intolerance of non-Christians, history proves that Christian officials from Europe preserved an overall attitude of disdain towards difference. Systems of beliefs and values that antagonized Christian visions of manifest destiny and expansionist homogeneity threatened these officials. When Muslims came to power in Spain and placed Christians lower in the Moorish sociopolitical hierarchy, and when Christian forces observed the unholy Jews inhabiting the city and region of the Christian God, they felt threatened and slighted. In these periods in which Christians were not in control of territory highly desired for spiritual reasons, a narrow-minded outlook on people belonging to religions
