What Is Radicalization?

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DEFINITION
Radicalization can be defined in several ways, however, most definitions correspond in defining radicalization as a process of developing and supporting extremist views (Allen, 2007; Home Office, 2009; Smith, 2009; Dalgaard-Nielsen, 2010). Radicalization is a process, and extremism is the end point.

PROCESS
This paper will discuss the process of which factors are present in the process of radicalization. Individuals do not suddenly become radicalized, but rather it is a’ step-by-step evolution’, as McCauley & Moskalenko (2008) refer to it. Moghaddam (2005) goes as far as to conceptualize the process of radicalization as a staircase leading to violent extremism, in which there are different phases throughout the process. This will …show more content…
Such factors include vulnerability, mental and emotional distress, ideology grievances, and negative self-definition and dignity (McCauley & Moskalenko, 2008; Dalgaard-Nielson, 2010; Horgan, 2008; Wilner & Dubuoloz, 2010). Much of the literature discusses the damaged psyches of those who are susceptible to becoming radicalized. Horgan (2008) and Wilner and Dubuoloz (2010) focus on the personality trait of openness. An individual’s openness to engagement of violent behaviour has a substantial effect on potential …show more content…
Political grievances, such as complacency, suffering, military aggression and political alienation, may illicit anger and despair (McCauley & Moskalenko, 2008; Dalgaard-Nielson, 2010; Wilner & Dubouloz, 2010). Political repression causes frustration and perceived injustices, which may result in individuals becoming radicalized in efforts to create change (Wilner & Dubouloz, 2010; Dalgaard-Nielson, 2010). According to Denoeux and Carter (2009), the severe restrictions on civil liberties are significant factors in

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