The western colonialism and imperialism was also responsible for the introduction of western ideas. These ideas included western ideals and norms such as nationalism and democracy. There was a range of efforts undertaken to supplant indigenous cultures with colonial or European ones. One result of these efforts was the emergence of native-colonial elites who adopted the main aspects of the imperial cultures, including the hierarchical class system of the dominant imperial powers. These elites increasingly formed the core of the colonial civil service and military. In introducing the “uncivilized” world to modern philosophical ideas, imperial powers ultimately provided educated natives with the tools to retaliate. In the European “advancing”