Was Julius Caesar Responsible For The Civil War Case Study

The outbreak of the civil war in 49 BC, was effectively, caused by Julius Caesar. Due to his decision to cross the Rubicon, thus invading Italy. However, some scholars may argue that Caesar had no intention to start a civil war nor had a choice, but was goaded by Pompey and the Optimates into it. Therefore, does the responsibility lie with them?
On one hand some scholars, and Julius himself, argue that it was not a predetermined intention to cause a civil war, but in fact was an act of spontaneity to protect the tribune of the people and Julius himself. Syme addresses this matter in which he says “Caesar convicts his enemies of unconstitutional behaviour, demonstrates that the constitution cannot work – and presents his own apology for not restoring it” meaning that his enemies (the optimates) have provoked him into starting a civil war and is only doing what is right vis a vis protecting the tribunes.
Similarly, evidenced by the actions of Lentulus proves that perhaps, it was not Caesar who was responsible for the outbreak of the civil war. It was actually Lentulus because “Lentulus the consul… actually heaped insults upon Antony and Curio and drove them disgracefully from the senate…” which was bound to cause a rise from Caesar considering he …show more content…
This action undertook by Caesar is regarded as a clever and tactical move, so we do have to ask the question was it pre-planned in the back of his mind, did he intend for a civil war to happen? As he did have the choice to admit defeat. However, we know that Caesar had a choice to make between rebellion and prosecution. From the sources we have we know he would rather be glorified in war than admit defeat. So, as a result could this mean he was responsible? It was his decision after