According to Vygotsky, potential for development depends upon the zone of proximal
development, which is “...the distance between what a child can do alone and what is possible
with help” (Kalat, 2014, p. 162). Vygotsky believed that when a child is in the ZPD for a
particular task, he can receive assistance from peers as an effective way of mastering a conflict.
Therefore, Raulph’s family and friends could help him master this stage not only encouraging
and guiding him, but also by showing him similar examples or helping him understand why each
concept works the way it does. Moreover, Raulph can also receive support in the form of hints,
questions, or rephrasing (which Vygotsky referred to as scaffolding) from adults that might be
able to help him reflect and better understand the concept.…