The pathophysiological mechanisms involved with ventilator-associated pneumonia or VAP is correlated with bacteria flowing through the endotracheal tube, allowing a direct route to enter a person’s lungs. Studies suggest the principle risk-factor for the development VAP relies on the utilization of the endotracheal tube or ETT (Mietto MD et.al, 2013). Usually after 12 hours of intubation, bacteria that is specifically act as contaminated oropharyngeal secretions may often accumulate through the tube and subsequently leak down into the lower segments of the patient’s lungs, impairing defense mechanisms such as their cough reflex or mucociliary functions (Mietto MD et.al, 2013). Consequently, during intubation, the ETT tube creates a mechanical barrier for mucus clearance.
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Studies have also suggests that the bacteria often found colonizing through the ETT or around the cuff, combined with the microorganisms that lie within the polyvinylchloride surface of the ETT forms a biofilm, creating an increase the risk of pathogens being detached from the endotracheal tube and disseminate into the lungs during mechanical ventilation. Bacteria growth on the surface of the ETT biofilm was said to have found pathogens in 95% of patients that undergo mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours (Mietto MD et.al,
Studies have also suggests that the bacteria often found colonizing through the ETT or around the cuff, combined with the microorganisms that lie within the polyvinylchloride surface of the ETT forms a biofilm, creating an increase the risk of pathogens being detached from the endotracheal tube and disseminate into the lungs during mechanical ventilation. Bacteria growth on the surface of the ETT biofilm was said to have found pathogens in 95% of patients that undergo mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours (Mietto MD et.al,