Introduction The Venera Soviet missions consisted of several space probes sent to Venus (University of Oregon). Venera 13 and 14 were part of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity (University of Oregon). Venera 13 and 14 were built identically the same and they launched 5 days apart (Ivankov, NASA Archive). Venera 14 was the last lander within the Venera series. The Soviet Academy of Sciences (U.S.S.R) funded the Venera 14 mission (Ivankov, NASA Archive). The launch site was located at Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), U.S.S.R (Ivankov, NASA Archive). The launch vehicle was a Proton Booster Plus Upper Stage and Escape Stages (Ivankov, NASA Archive). The purpose of the mission was to study the atmospheric and surface data from Venus.
Venera 14 …show more content…
The environment temperature during the lander survival was 470°C and a pressure of 94 Earth atmospheres (Ivankov, NASA Archive). The data were transmitted to the bus from the descent vehicle while it acted as a data relay as it passed by Venus (Ivankov, NASA Archive) in a heliocentric orbit (Ksanfomality, 2013).
Figure 2. Venera 14 Lander images of the surface of Venus at 13 S, 310 E on 5 March 1982. Both images show part of the lander at the bottom. Near the center of the top image is a lens cover, and the bottom image shows a test arm. This area is composed of flat basalt-like rocks, but little soil or fine-grained material (University of Oregon).
Instrumentation
Venera 14 occupied a camera with red, green, blue, and clear filters, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, an acoustic detector, and a seismometer (Ivankov, NASA archive). The purpose of the instruments was to collect chemical and isotopic measurements, monitor scattered sunlight spectrum, conduct investigations on the surface, and during the descent phase, record electric discharges of the Venusian atmosphere (Ivankov, NASA archive). …show more content…
The dominant terrain from the Venera 14 site is localized plains composed of tholeiitic lavas (Weitz and Basilevsky, 1993). Geologic maps of the Venus landing sites characterize the most abundant terrain type as plains (Weitz and Basilevsky, 1993). Two events were revealed from the seismometer, but these events could have been from the lander operations (Ivankov, NASA archive). Three distinct cloud layers were identified using the nephelometer (Ivankov, NASA archive). Sounds of background wind and spacecraft operations were returned from the acoustic detector (Ivankov, NASA
Venera 14 …show more content…
The environment temperature during the lander survival was 470°C and a pressure of 94 Earth atmospheres (Ivankov, NASA Archive). The data were transmitted to the bus from the descent vehicle while it acted as a data relay as it passed by Venus (Ivankov, NASA Archive) in a heliocentric orbit (Ksanfomality, 2013).
Figure 2. Venera 14 Lander images of the surface of Venus at 13 S, 310 E on 5 March 1982. Both images show part of the lander at the bottom. Near the center of the top image is a lens cover, and the bottom image shows a test arm. This area is composed of flat basalt-like rocks, but little soil or fine-grained material (University of Oregon).
Instrumentation
Venera 14 occupied a camera with red, green, blue, and clear filters, an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, an acoustic detector, and a seismometer (Ivankov, NASA archive). The purpose of the instruments was to collect chemical and isotopic measurements, monitor scattered sunlight spectrum, conduct investigations on the surface, and during the descent phase, record electric discharges of the Venusian atmosphere (Ivankov, NASA archive). …show more content…
The dominant terrain from the Venera 14 site is localized plains composed of tholeiitic lavas (Weitz and Basilevsky, 1993). Geologic maps of the Venus landing sites characterize the most abundant terrain type as plains (Weitz and Basilevsky, 1993). Two events were revealed from the seismometer, but these events could have been from the lander operations (Ivankov, NASA archive). Three distinct cloud layers were identified using the nephelometer (Ivankov, NASA archive). Sounds of background wind and spacecraft operations were returned from the acoustic detector (Ivankov, NASA