2.0 Literature Review
This literature review section will describe the fundamental or important topic of this study.
2.1 Hard capsule
Capsule, tablet, syrup is among the type of oral administration drug delivery carrier. The capsule is a solid dosage form of drug delivery, which derived from degradable polymer film. The capsules can be divided into hard and soft capsule types. The capsules can be segmented by source of raw materials, and end users. The segmentation by source of raw materials can be divided to pigskin gelatin, bone-derived gelatin, bovine-hide gelatin, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), pullulan, starch materials, and others. While segmentation by end users are includes the pharmaceutical industry, nutraceutical industry, …show more content…
Nowadays, the hard capsule is regarded as solid preparations with hard shells of various shapes and capacities. It usually contains a single dose of active pharmaceutical ingredient and suitable for oral administration (Stegemann and Bornem, 2002). While the soft capsule is a one piece of capsule and normally used for liquid form of fillings. The capsule has a few advantages and has simpler manufacturing process compared to tablet form (Table 2.1) which promoted the higher demand of capsule especially the hard capsule product. The capsule eliminates the taste and order of unpleasant drugs, inert, easy to swallow and handle with an attractive appearance that light protection through addition of titanium oxide. Recent design of the special hard capsule body with missing air vent features to prevent leakage during sealing (Stegemann and Bornem, 2002), has enabled the hard capsule for liquid or semi solid fillings. This breakthrough has promote the development of new chemical entities in dissolved systems such as semi solid. It also has prepare rapid platform for in house test formulations (Rabadiya and Rabadiya, 2013). While the soft capsule has complex production process with special manufacturing equipment (Rabadiya and Rabadiya, 2013). Currently there are few types of hard capsule commercially available and innovation in the capsule research …show more content…
It is made from hydroxy propylated methyl cellulose which required synthetic modification (Rabadiya and Rabadiya, 2013). It offer lower moisture contents which around 2-8% for better stability and suitable for hygroscopic drug (Al-Tabakha, 2010). Currently there are few manufacturer of HPMC hard capsule such as Capugel and Qualicaps. Basically the difference among the brands are the requirement of gelling aid during the solution preparation. The gelling aids that normally used are carrageenan, gellan gum, pectin and glycerin. In addition the HPMC capsule production require heated dipping pin (Rabadiya and Rabadiya, 2013) compared to no heated dipping pin require for gelatin hard capsule. Therefore the higher price of HPMC capsule compared to gelatin hard capsule is
This literature review section will describe the fundamental or important topic of this study.
2.1 Hard capsule
Capsule, tablet, syrup is among the type of oral administration drug delivery carrier. The capsule is a solid dosage form of drug delivery, which derived from degradable polymer film. The capsules can be divided into hard and soft capsule types. The capsules can be segmented by source of raw materials, and end users. The segmentation by source of raw materials can be divided to pigskin gelatin, bone-derived gelatin, bovine-hide gelatin, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), pullulan, starch materials, and others. While segmentation by end users are includes the pharmaceutical industry, nutraceutical industry, …show more content…
Nowadays, the hard capsule is regarded as solid preparations with hard shells of various shapes and capacities. It usually contains a single dose of active pharmaceutical ingredient and suitable for oral administration (Stegemann and Bornem, 2002). While the soft capsule is a one piece of capsule and normally used for liquid form of fillings. The capsule has a few advantages and has simpler manufacturing process compared to tablet form (Table 2.1) which promoted the higher demand of capsule especially the hard capsule product. The capsule eliminates the taste and order of unpleasant drugs, inert, easy to swallow and handle with an attractive appearance that light protection through addition of titanium oxide. Recent design of the special hard capsule body with missing air vent features to prevent leakage during sealing (Stegemann and Bornem, 2002), has enabled the hard capsule for liquid or semi solid fillings. This breakthrough has promote the development of new chemical entities in dissolved systems such as semi solid. It also has prepare rapid platform for in house test formulations (Rabadiya and Rabadiya, 2013). While the soft capsule has complex production process with special manufacturing equipment (Rabadiya and Rabadiya, 2013). Currently there are few types of hard capsule commercially available and innovation in the capsule research …show more content…
It is made from hydroxy propylated methyl cellulose which required synthetic modification (Rabadiya and Rabadiya, 2013). It offer lower moisture contents which around 2-8% for better stability and suitable for hygroscopic drug (Al-Tabakha, 2010). Currently there are few manufacturer of HPMC hard capsule such as Capugel and Qualicaps. Basically the difference among the brands are the requirement of gelling aid during the solution preparation. The gelling aids that normally used are carrageenan, gellan gum, pectin and glycerin. In addition the HPMC capsule production require heated dipping pin (Rabadiya and Rabadiya, 2013) compared to no heated dipping pin require for gelatin hard capsule. Therefore the higher price of HPMC capsule compared to gelatin hard capsule is