Urban Trees Case Study

2004 Words 9 Pages

Urban trees provide a wide range of environmental, ecological, social, cultural and economic benefits. However, as natural objects, they are constantly under stress, and living in an unnatural habitat, which will primarily affect the tree crown. In this study, the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), Crown Live Ratio (LCR), Crown Dieback (CDBK), Crown Transparency (CT), and Crown Chlorosis (CC) of trees at University of Toronto – St. George campus were assessed by field measurements and Google Street View images. The study shows that the average of DBH and LCR measurements of trees planted in constricted and non-constricted areas are considerably different, which might be due to more space in non-constricted areas, which allows the roots to spread …show more content…
In order to obtain accurate measurements, each group (two students) chose one species and assessed the mentioned indices on four individual trees in both constricted and non-constricted rooting areas (Figure …show more content…
Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Table 2 illustrates that there is a moderate correlation between constricted and non-constricted areas of DBH data, which is statistically significant at the 0.01 level (Tb = 0.366, p = 0.000). Moreover, a weak correlation is observed for LCR (Tb = 0.198, p = 0.017), which shows that there is a weak correlation between the average of LCR for constricted and non-constricted areas. Whereas, there are no correlation for CDBK, CT, and CC with Tb = 0.107, p = 0.207, Tb = -0.062, p = 0.445, and Tb = 0.084, p = 0.346,

Descriptive Analysis Of Rr % And Gr

R2 is a measure of goodness of fit. It shows how much the behaviour of Y (GR %) is explained by the behaviour of X (RR %). A value of 0.449 may be acceptable depending on the data been analysed but quite low in analysis of these observations. From the summary output R-squared is 0.449 or it is 44.9%, then it can be said that 44.9% of the variance is explained by the model. The result of a R² = 0.449 means that the best fit equation for the data shows a correlation lesser of 50%.…

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The Importance Of Deforestation

Deforestation is unnecessary because the water cycle is being affecting negatively and trees are a big part of it, also 1.6 billion people rely on the resources from the forest, and global warming is also being affected negatively. Deforestation is unnecessary since the water cycle is an important part of the Earth and important for all the things on it. Forests are vital to the millions of species that have homes.…

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Cronbach's Reliability Study

The value also means that the difference of estimated population covariance and the sample covariance is very low, or can be concluded as equal. The next step is measuring the value of CMIN/DF, which means the Chi-square divided by degree of freedom. Table 4.6 above shows the value of CMIN/DF is 1.926, can be obtained from the discrepancy divided by degrees of freedom (344.733 / 179 = 1.926). Therefore the model is good…

Words: 1896 - Pages: 8

Impacts Of Deforestation

The efforts by the conservation organisations have improved the prospects of forests and have significantly reduced deforestation. But more need to be done, and we all play a part in it. It can be something as little as saving or recycling paper. If not, it is us who will bear the consequences. Many species of plants and animals will continue to go extinct, temperatures will continue to rise, ecological disasters will keep on happening.…

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Bivariate Analysis: Linear Relationship Between X And Y

IV. Analyses A. Bivariate Analysis Using Figure 1, 2, and Table 2, I discover that the correlation coefficients and linear relationship between the X and Y variables are not as strongly positive as I had thought. In fact, the correlation coefficient is negative with a very small absolute value. Both X_1 and X_2 have a slightly negative correlation coefficient of -0.05 with dependent variable Y. This indicates as the amount of acquirer initiations increase, sale premia will remain almost the same as it was before those initiations occurred.…

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Difference Between Accuracy And Precision Lab Report

Precision is represented by Average Deviation. The lower the average deviation is the more precise a measurement. For example 1.1 and 1.2 is precise because they are close to each other. EVIDENCE: The percent error for the hand drawn lines table 1 data was precise because the average deviation was 0.625. As for data table 2 data was precise because its average deviation was 0.75.…

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Analysis Of Variance

Interestingly, the mean amplitude of Graph 2 shows slightly a significant change between modality, the paired samples t-test provided no significant effect except FC2. The source memory over FC2 was the most positive waveform of FN400 than others (Graph 2). Thus, it has been found that acoustic brands had a larger negative amplitude than visual brands at FC2, even though the amplitudes not seen in this Graph 2 due to more positivity, paired samples t-test found a significant difference t(30) = 2.31, p = .028, but not at F1 t(30) =1.48, p = .153 (Figure 2, Graph 2). As a conclusion, the modality effect could not determine according to peak amplitude except FC2 which visual brands had larger positive peak than…

Words: 1822 - Pages: 8

Formation Of Carboxylic Acid Group

The resistance value of P(AA-co-EHA)/ silica-modified electrodes containing APTS (121.9 Ωcm2) and lower silica content decreased obviously in comparison with resistance value (2671 Ωcm2) of the modified electrodes comprising MPS with higher amount of SiO2. These results were in agreement with the results from CVs. Meanwhile, since the Bode and Phase diagrams of the modified electrode had two peaks and inflection points, respectively two capacitive responses and resistances can be considered. Hence, in the quantitative interpretation of the EIS results, the Cc and RC are capacitance and resistance of the P(AA-co-EHA)/ silica nanohybrid on the GCE and the Cdl and Rct represent the capacitance of the double layer and the resistance of the…

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TRU3

While Corrected Item-Total Correlation of TRU1, TRU2 and TRU4 are between 0.571 and 0.635; which meet the standard of greater than 0.5. In addition, Cronbach's alpha if Item Deleted of these items also satisfy standard of less than overall Cronbach's alpha (0.689). On the contrary, the Corrected Item-Total Correlation of TRU3 is relative low (0.178) which indicates it do not measure the same thing the rest TRU. It might lead us to remove this item. Actually, removal of TRU3 leads a significant improvement in Cronbach's alpha which increases the overall total from 0.689 to 0.827.…

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Analysis Of Durometer Hardness

In case of no filler materials it has low matrix continuity between matrix and fibre with low capacity of absorption, which results in micro crack initiation which leads to failure so value was less, Then material D with 2% silicon carbide and activated charcoal shows 0.110 Kgm because silicon carbide has high hardness and excellent thermal shock resistance, but activated charcoal reacted with that lead to decrease its impact strength and its value is less than material E. The Test results shows that by adding mica to the material we can get better impact strength. From this we came to a conclusion that we should not add silicon carbide and activated charcoal. By adding mica to the material we can increase the impact…

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Urban Trees Case Study

Related Documents

Descriptive Analysis Of Rr % And Gr

The Importance Of Deforestation

Cronbach's Reliability Study

Impacts Of Deforestation

Bivariate Analysis: Linear Relationship Between X And Y

Difference Between Accuracy And Precision Lab Report

Analysis Of Variance

Formation Of Carboxylic Acid Group

TRU3

Analysis Of Durometer Hardness

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