An upper limb amputees is an individual who has lost an arm due to a trauma or disease that has an adverse affect on the limbs. Amputees are patients that cannot perform everyday functions like they were use to doing before. Advancement of cutting-edge technology with innovations in mechanical, electrical, and software design could give them something to look forward to in the near future. This paper gives an overview of the future of sonomyography, the morphological changes of a muscle being detected by sonography, as an interface to control a prosthetic upper limb in real time and surpass the limitation of surface electromyography as an interface. Sonography imaging is rich in information, fast, widely available, and relatively cheap.
Introduction …show more content…
There is an average of 185,000 new amputees every year in the United States excluding fingers and toes. The amputation ratio of upper limb to lower limb is about 1:4 (Ziegler-Graham K et al., 2008). The number of upper limb amputees per year that could be considered candidates for myoelectric control is difficult to calculate, however, it is estimated to be in the range of 10,000 individuals per year in the United States(Owings M, and Kozak L, 1998). The acceptance of a prosthetic by the amputee depends on a number of factors including client motivation, control complexity, and system reliability (Parker, 2006). While there are fewer upper limb amputees in need of prosthetics that does not mean it is not an important area in prosthetic development. On the contrary, bionic hand prosthetics are the most complex and challenging to develop between figuring out the attachments to the body, using skeletal muscle architecture in determining a muscle’s force and excursion capability, and connecting peripheral nerve interfaces and sensors into the trunk of the arms and
Introduction …show more content…
There is an average of 185,000 new amputees every year in the United States excluding fingers and toes. The amputation ratio of upper limb to lower limb is about 1:4 (Ziegler-Graham K et al., 2008). The number of upper limb amputees per year that could be considered candidates for myoelectric control is difficult to calculate, however, it is estimated to be in the range of 10,000 individuals per year in the United States(Owings M, and Kozak L, 1998). The acceptance of a prosthetic by the amputee depends on a number of factors including client motivation, control complexity, and system reliability (Parker, 2006). While there are fewer upper limb amputees in need of prosthetics that does not mean it is not an important area in prosthetic development. On the contrary, bionic hand prosthetics are the most complex and challenging to develop between figuring out the attachments to the body, using skeletal muscle architecture in determining a muscle’s force and excursion capability, and connecting peripheral nerve interfaces and sensors into the trunk of the arms and