In recent years, with rising conflicts and intense persecution in various parts of the world, a UNHCR (United Nations High Commission for Refugees) report (2015) revealed that 63.5 million people have been displaced from their homes. “The number of refugees who have fled across international borders due to conflict and persecution is at the highest level in recorded history” (Dryden-Peterson, 2015). Unfortunately, a large number of Pakistani minority groups had to leave their home country and seek refuge in Chiang Mai, Thailand, because of growing religious persecution in Pakistan. So for Pakistani minority groups, Thailand is their first country of asylum until the UNHCR will resettle them in the Western nations (Canada, US, UK, EU, Australia
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A study depicts that many refugees, in Kenya, had to move out form their camps to Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya, for better quality of life and educational opportunities (Karanja 2010). According to UNHCR (2016), “over 60 percent of the world’s” refugee population are living in urban milieu. For such reasons, the majority of Pakistani refugee Christian families (PRCF) are residing in Bangkok and other major cities of Thailand in lieu of living in the refugee camps (Foster, 2015). But on the other hand, researchers, also, suggested that urban refugees are one of the most marginalized group due to lack of access to healthcare system, educational opportunities, housing facilities, and legal support - compare to refugees who live in camps (Dryden-Peterson, 2006;2015; Braes, 2008; Brian and Kennedy, 2004; Campbell, 2006; Jacobsen, 2002, 2004; Landau, 2006). Nevertheless, it seems difficult to determine or understand which location, inside or outside the camps, can be ideal for refugees. However, the existed literature portrays that, somehow, refugees have a propensity to live in urban cities rather than living, with restrictions, in refugee …show more content…
So, children whose parents have high educational aspirations can achieve the higher education (Reed, 2012). One theoretical standpoint about the educational aspirations tend to propose that it depends upon their “rational calculation” (Reed, 2012), which means that parents first look at their socioeconomic status and then think about their children’s educational goals. This viewpoint involves human capital theory (Becker, 1993) and rational choice theory (Goldthrope, 1998). Since, the refugee families are not living in the UNHCR camps so, they cannot have an access to a school, however, they can enroll their children in private schools in Chiang Mai, Thailand. But, the private schools in Chiang Mai are outrageously expensive, and the refugee families can’t afford to send their children to private schools. It seems like that Pakistani refugees have started some community learning centers and home groups, which are by no means can be an alternative of a regular school. Nevertheless, refugee parents’ educational aspirations for their children in transitional period or difficult times seems to be an unexplored area in the field of critical
A study depicts that many refugees, in Kenya, had to move out form their camps to Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya, for better quality of life and educational opportunities (Karanja 2010). According to UNHCR (2016), “over 60 percent of the world’s” refugee population are living in urban milieu. For such reasons, the majority of Pakistani refugee Christian families (PRCF) are residing in Bangkok and other major cities of Thailand in lieu of living in the refugee camps (Foster, 2015). But on the other hand, researchers, also, suggested that urban refugees are one of the most marginalized group due to lack of access to healthcare system, educational opportunities, housing facilities, and legal support - compare to refugees who live in camps (Dryden-Peterson, 2006;2015; Braes, 2008; Brian and Kennedy, 2004; Campbell, 2006; Jacobsen, 2002, 2004; Landau, 2006). Nevertheless, it seems difficult to determine or understand which location, inside or outside the camps, can be ideal for refugees. However, the existed literature portrays that, somehow, refugees have a propensity to live in urban cities rather than living, with restrictions, in refugee …show more content…
So, children whose parents have high educational aspirations can achieve the higher education (Reed, 2012). One theoretical standpoint about the educational aspirations tend to propose that it depends upon their “rational calculation” (Reed, 2012), which means that parents first look at their socioeconomic status and then think about their children’s educational goals. This viewpoint involves human capital theory (Becker, 1993) and rational choice theory (Goldthrope, 1998). Since, the refugee families are not living in the UNHCR camps so, they cannot have an access to a school, however, they can enroll their children in private schools in Chiang Mai, Thailand. But, the private schools in Chiang Mai are outrageously expensive, and the refugee families can’t afford to send their children to private schools. It seems like that Pakistani refugees have started some community learning centers and home groups, which are by no means can be an alternative of a regular school. Nevertheless, refugee parents’ educational aspirations for their children in transitional period or difficult times seems to be an unexplored area in the field of critical