Type A and type B tularemia have similar signs and symptoms that seem nonspecific until after the incubation period. Tularemia is presented as an illness that includes symptoms such as chills, headache, muscular pains, and fever and skin ulceration. However after the incubation period, people infected with the bacteria will develop 1 to 6 different clinical symptoms depending on the portal of entry. Typically the incubation period falls anywhere between 1 to 21 days, however symptoms generally appear within 2 to 5 days of introduction to the body. Depending on the portal of entry, the symptoms will differ. For example, if it is entered through skin, there will be a presence of skin lesions and swollen glands. If it is ingested, a throat
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Tularemia has six major clinical syndromes classified by the portal of entry; ulceroglandular, glandular, oropharyngeal, oculoglandular, typhodial, pneumonic. Ulceroglandular tularemia, is characterized by tender lymphadenopathy, and painful swollen papule at the portal of entry on the skin. According to Tularemia: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment, ulceroglandular tularemia is “the most common syndrome, accounting for between 42% and 75% of all cases of tularemia,” (Harik, 2013). The next type of tularemia syndrome is glandular tularemia. The portal of entry is unknown but it is suggested that skin is a possibility, it presents itself similarly to ulceroglandular tularemia, the difference is, glandular is most common in children. The next syndrome is oropharyngeal, which is most commonly contracted through the consumption of undercooked meat form an infected animal. Oropharyngeal tularemia has syndromes such as, severe pharyngitis, fever, oral ulcers and cervical lymphadenitis. If infected through the conjunctiva, oculoglandular tularemia is present with “cases of conjunctivitis, conjunctiva inflammation and edema are typical seen and corneal ulcers may occur,” …show more content…
Another preventative measure one should take is the use of insect repellent when going outside or hiking, and “the use of masks when mowing and other landscaping activities may reduce the risk of inhaling the bacteria,” (C.D.C, 2015). Lastly, researchers have been looking for an immunization as a final preventative of the disease. According to Preclinical testing of a Vaccine Candidate against tularemia, an immunization may be on its way. The research article discusses the steps researchers took in order to find a cure in mice. They reported, “emrA1 mutant is safe and can be used at an intranasal immunization dose as high as 1x106 CFU without causing any adverse effects in immunized mice,” (M.M, C.S.B., 2015). The article goes on to report that the emrA1 mutant is cleared in the vaccinated mice by day 14 post-immunization. Through their research they found that the immunization did get rid of the disease however, it led to weight loss five days post immunization, with a regain in the weight again 7 days post immunization. Though they have reached a major breakthrough in mice and the disease there is still work to be done for humans. The article does state, “collectively our notion that antioxidants of Ft may serve as potential targets for development of effective vaccines for the prevention of
Tularemia has six major clinical syndromes classified by the portal of entry; ulceroglandular, glandular, oropharyngeal, oculoglandular, typhodial, pneumonic. Ulceroglandular tularemia, is characterized by tender lymphadenopathy, and painful swollen papule at the portal of entry on the skin. According to Tularemia: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment, ulceroglandular tularemia is “the most common syndrome, accounting for between 42% and 75% of all cases of tularemia,” (Harik, 2013). The next type of tularemia syndrome is glandular tularemia. The portal of entry is unknown but it is suggested that skin is a possibility, it presents itself similarly to ulceroglandular tularemia, the difference is, glandular is most common in children. The next syndrome is oropharyngeal, which is most commonly contracted through the consumption of undercooked meat form an infected animal. Oropharyngeal tularemia has syndromes such as, severe pharyngitis, fever, oral ulcers and cervical lymphadenitis. If infected through the conjunctiva, oculoglandular tularemia is present with “cases of conjunctivitis, conjunctiva inflammation and edema are typical seen and corneal ulcers may occur,” …show more content…
Another preventative measure one should take is the use of insect repellent when going outside or hiking, and “the use of masks when mowing and other landscaping activities may reduce the risk of inhaling the bacteria,” (C.D.C, 2015). Lastly, researchers have been looking for an immunization as a final preventative of the disease. According to Preclinical testing of a Vaccine Candidate against tularemia, an immunization may be on its way. The research article discusses the steps researchers took in order to find a cure in mice. They reported, “emrA1 mutant is safe and can be used at an intranasal immunization dose as high as 1x106 CFU without causing any adverse effects in immunized mice,” (M.M, C.S.B., 2015). The article goes on to report that the emrA1 mutant is cleared in the vaccinated mice by day 14 post-immunization. Through their research they found that the immunization did get rid of the disease however, it led to weight loss five days post immunization, with a regain in the weight again 7 days post immunization. Though they have reached a major breakthrough in mice and the disease there is still work to be done for humans. The article does state, “collectively our notion that antioxidants of Ft may serve as potential targets for development of effective vaccines for the prevention of