Diabetes is a group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood or high blood glucose. Diabetes mellitus is metabolic condition marked by insufficient uptake of glucose from the blood. The name comes from sweet urine because of the excess glucose that is filtered into the urine. This chronically high blood glucose level causes damage to the blood vessels and ultimately leads to damage of the vascular system. Diabetes mellitus is by far the most common of all endocrine (hormonal) disorders. The disorder's name is derived from the Greek word diabetes, meaning "siphon" or "running through," a reference to the potentially large urine volume that can accompany the condition. The Latin word mellitus, meaning “honey,” was added to the name
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The most common symptoms of diabetes mellitus are related to hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketoacidosis (Klandort, Stark 2014). There are three types of diabetes mellitus type one, type two, and gestational diabetes.
Type one diabetes is referred to as insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), diminished production and release of insulin by pancreatic islet cell. The triggering event that initiates this process in genetically susceptible persons, is linked to environmental factors that result from an infection, a virus, or, more likely, the presence of toxins in the diet. The body’s own T lymphocytes progressively attack the beta cells but leave the other hormone-producing cell types intact (Klandort & Stark, 2014).
Type two diabetes is known as insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes results from either decrease insulin release from the pancreatic bête cell or decreased insulin effectiveness at the peripheral tissue. Most of the time this type of diabetes, is found in persons around the age of 30. However, now, type 2 diabetes is often found in adolescence and young adults. The main or major cause is obesity. Type 2 diabetes is normally associated with lack of exercise, combination of diet and some medication. Research has shown that individuals who have a sibling or parent with type 2 diabetes are about three times as likely to develop diabetes themselves. Because there is a reduction in the sensitivity of the target cells to insulin, people with type 2 diabetes must secrete more insulin to maintain blood glucose at normal levels (Klandort & Stark,
The most common symptoms of diabetes mellitus are related to hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketoacidosis (Klandort, Stark 2014). There are three types of diabetes mellitus type one, type two, and gestational diabetes.
Type one diabetes is referred to as insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), diminished production and release of insulin by pancreatic islet cell. The triggering event that initiates this process in genetically susceptible persons, is linked to environmental factors that result from an infection, a virus, or, more likely, the presence of toxins in the diet. The body’s own T lymphocytes progressively attack the beta cells but leave the other hormone-producing cell types intact (Klandort & Stark, 2014).
Type two diabetes is known as insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes results from either decrease insulin release from the pancreatic bête cell or decreased insulin effectiveness at the peripheral tissue. Most of the time this type of diabetes, is found in persons around the age of 30. However, now, type 2 diabetes is often found in adolescence and young adults. The main or major cause is obesity. Type 2 diabetes is normally associated with lack of exercise, combination of diet and some medication. Research has shown that individuals who have a sibling or parent with type 2 diabetes are about three times as likely to develop diabetes themselves. Because there is a reduction in the sensitivity of the target cells to insulin, people with type 2 diabetes must secrete more insulin to maintain blood glucose at normal levels (Klandort & Stark,