Trisomy 21 is caused by the failure of the chromosome 21 to separate during sperm or egg development. As a result of this, a sperm or egg is produced with an extra chromosome 21. When it is combined with the other normal cell, the baby has 47 chromosomes out of which 3 are chromosomes 21. In 88% of the cases, trisomy 21 arises from the non-separation of the chromosomes in the mother, 8% from the non-separation of the father and only 3% when the egg and the sperm have merged together to form one.
Translocation
The extra chromosome 21 may also occur due to Robertsonian translocation in around 2-4% of the cases. In this situation, the arm of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome. This may be a mutation passed on through the parents or it may form in the baby. If a parent has this abnormality, it is likely that he/she will be normal both physically and mentally but it will increase the risk of Down’s syndrome in the child. The chances of Down’s syndrome in the child if the mother is affected is 15% and only 5% if the father is affected. This type of Down’s syndrome is not related to the mother’s age. Children without the Down syndrome may inherit this translocation and may further add the risk of Down syndrome in their offspring.
Description and cure There is no cure for Down’s syndrome. Although, efforts are done …show more content…
There is speech impairment observed in the patient along with no or minimal use of words. Their non-verbal communication skills are better than verbal ones. The patient also experiences movement or balance disorder. They have behavioral uniqueness i.e. combination of laughing and smiling. They have an apparent happy demeanor and often move their hands in flappy movements. The patients have a happy disposition, severe cognitive delays and seizure disorder. The patient may have a thin body and after ten years, may lose ambulation. Severe speech impairment is very
Translocation
The extra chromosome 21 may also occur due to Robertsonian translocation in around 2-4% of the cases. In this situation, the arm of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome. This may be a mutation passed on through the parents or it may form in the baby. If a parent has this abnormality, it is likely that he/she will be normal both physically and mentally but it will increase the risk of Down’s syndrome in the child. The chances of Down’s syndrome in the child if the mother is affected is 15% and only 5% if the father is affected. This type of Down’s syndrome is not related to the mother’s age. Children without the Down syndrome may inherit this translocation and may further add the risk of Down syndrome in their offspring.
Description and cure There is no cure for Down’s syndrome. Although, efforts are done …show more content…
There is speech impairment observed in the patient along with no or minimal use of words. Their non-verbal communication skills are better than verbal ones. The patient also experiences movement or balance disorder. They have behavioral uniqueness i.e. combination of laughing and smiling. They have an apparent happy demeanor and often move their hands in flappy movements. The patients have a happy disposition, severe cognitive delays and seizure disorder. The patient may have a thin body and after ten years, may lose ambulation. Severe speech impairment is very