of the stimulus until the subject respond to sound-on and sound-off stimulus. Every time he responded correctly, the reinforcement is given to increase likehood operant response to happened again. Finally, from the test it show that autistic child can learn auditory discrimination task and can be improved with the modification a few things in this test (Thomas Scruggs, Alfonso Prieto & Stanley Zucker, n.d)
An Analysis of a Token Economy Suin Stuttering Therapy
According to Wingate (1964) as cited by Peter J. Alfonso defines Stuttering as the person that has the problems in fluency of verbal expression that characterized by involuntary shortens, prolongs or repetitions of the utterance. Mainly, stutterer person has speech problem and need to undergo therapy for getting better.
One of the stuttering therapies that has been conducted in Sydney, Australia applied the used of token system in their treatment. The subjects are hospitalized and treat under token economy condition that introduce by Ingham and Andrews (1973). The treatment is conducted over 9 hours per …show more content…
In addition, social reinforcement will be shown by the clinician such as “Good”, “Well done” and “Cleaver boy”. Usually, the image presented must be three-dimensional animated toys. The importance of reinforcement in VRA are to encourage the child to respond to the sound even in low frequency level and also to avoid the child from depending on the nature of the sound such as the frequency, the type of tone, the intensity and the meaningfulness of the sound to the child. Factually, the reinforcer (animated toy) and the response (head turn) are well suited to the child development which is between 6 months to 3 years old. When the child did not respond to the stimulus, thus, no reinforcement will be
An Analysis of a Token Economy Suin Stuttering Therapy
According to Wingate (1964) as cited by Peter J. Alfonso defines Stuttering as the person that has the problems in fluency of verbal expression that characterized by involuntary shortens, prolongs or repetitions of the utterance. Mainly, stutterer person has speech problem and need to undergo therapy for getting better.
One of the stuttering therapies that has been conducted in Sydney, Australia applied the used of token system in their treatment. The subjects are hospitalized and treat under token economy condition that introduce by Ingham and Andrews (1973). The treatment is conducted over 9 hours per …show more content…
In addition, social reinforcement will be shown by the clinician such as “Good”, “Well done” and “Cleaver boy”. Usually, the image presented must be three-dimensional animated toys. The importance of reinforcement in VRA are to encourage the child to respond to the sound even in low frequency level and also to avoid the child from depending on the nature of the sound such as the frequency, the type of tone, the intensity and the meaningfulness of the sound to the child. Factually, the reinforcer (animated toy) and the response (head turn) are well suited to the child development which is between 6 months to 3 years old. When the child did not respond to the stimulus, thus, no reinforcement will be