Thrasher's Definition

Researchers have long debated on what constitutes a gang and there is little consensus as to what constitutes a gang (Esbensen et al 2001; Horowitz, 1990; Joseph et al., 2011; Petersen, 2000; Thrasher, 1927). This is made complex by the multiplicity of definitions which exists which consequently influences the ability to accurately determine the prevalence of gangs (Jones et al, 2004; Petersen, 2000). Moreover, “not only are there different definitions of gangs, but most researchers have defined different types of gang” that might be associated with each definition provided (Sanders, 1994 pg. 8). In the USA, early influential definitions of gangs specified that members were “unsupervised, lower class, youth from immigrant families situated in transitional inner-city areas” (Spergel, 1995 pg. 9). Following this, Thrasher (1963) defines gangs as structured entities which are “… originally formed spontaneously, and then integrated through conflict” (Thrasher, 1963 pg. 46). However, the gang-related activity which is central to many researchers interpretations of gangs is absent from Thrasher's definition. According to Esbensen et al., (2001), Thrasher failed to “…mention delinquent or law violating behaviour as a criterion for a gang” (pg. 108). Thrashers definition is …show more content…
There is also a lack of consistency of definitions of gangs and as a result, the USA gang stereotypes and definitions have been used as a source of reference for UK researchers (Hallsworth and Young, 2004). In 2004, Hallsworth and Young (2004) created a definition for a gang for the MPS as part of a wider project in tackling gang problems in the UK. According to them, the UK is “home to a number of different” subcultures that display “gang like features” that “pose risks and dangers to themselves and others” (Hallsworth and Young 2004; 2005: pg. 62-68). In this context, a gang can be defined