Thomas Aquinas 'Doctrine Of Double Effect'

Improved Essays
1. “Intending evil is not absolutely impermissible” which is also known as the Doctrine of Double Effect is often cited to explain the permissibility of an act which is evil by nature, such as the death of a human being which is an evil, for a good end like to save the life of another. For example, in cases of uterus cancer, in process to save the life of the mother (good end), the doctor has to take the life of the baby in the womb (morally impermissible act). Influential philosopher Thomas Aquinas is credited with introducing the principle of double effect. First, we have to understand what this doctrine stands for. I feel that in order to achieve the Doctrine of Double Effect, certain justification needs to be provided which rests on the …show more content…
So, even if it is certain that the two bombers will cause numerous civilian deaths, terror bombing is an impermissible act while tactical bombing is permissible; there should be a grave reason to permit the bad action, for example, to kill a person whom you know is intending to kill you would be impermissible because it would amount to intentional killing or murder; however, to strike a person in self-defence is permissible, even if it is foreseeable that the blow by which one defends oneself could be fatal. If one fulfils these criterion then the Doctrine of Double Effect is applicable, however, in my opinion the Doctrine of Double-Effect is a flawed concept and nothing can justify a morally impermissible act. In case of the bombings (in the question), I think it’s morally impermissible to bomb the German noncombatants to prevent the Nazi victory and save Britain who was on the brink of losing the

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    This barbaric act has everyone questioned. At 8:15 am on August 6, 1945 the United States dropped an atomic bomb which carried 20,000 tons of TNT on Hiroshima, Japan instantly wiping out about 140,000 people. After three days later another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. About 80,000 more people died. Mostly civilians died during this tragic time.…

    • 1180 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    In the essay “Why Abortion is Immoral,” philosopher Don Marquis uses utilitarian principles to argue that “abortion is, except in rare cases, seriously immoral… [and] in the same category as killing an innocent human being” (223). However, he deliberately avoids relating his thesis to abortion in the specific contexts of rape, maternal death, and severe postpartum health complications. Thus, in my analysis of his claim, I plan on adopting Marquis’ utilitarian perspective to evaluate the permissibility of abortion in regard to these delicate scenarios. I will begin my paper by giving a brief summary of “Why Abortion is Immoral.”…

    • 1937 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    World War II was a time when humans waged war against each other in the hopes of winning dominion over one another. Whether it was evil, territory, people, or racial tendencies, the fabric of war covered the world in a bloody scarf of destruction. After the United States entered the war, it proposed a way to execute strategic pinpoint bombing on high value military targets. These raids become the source of reflection and controversy. Some concluded that the bombing of civilians was deplorable and intentional, while others seen it as an involuntary action with tactical means.…

    • 1869 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    ETHC-445 Principles of Ethics Final Exam http://uphomework.com/downloads/ethc-445-principles-ethics-final-exam/ 1. (TCOs 2, 4, 5, 6) The idea that the assisted suicide of terminally ill patients should be allowed simply at the patient’s direction reflects what type of ethics? (Points : 5) Hobbes’ State of Nature…

    • 1824 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Tens of thousands were killed in the bombing, naming it inhumane. The bomb’s purpose was not to harm innocent people, its purpose was to first get the Japanese government to surrender, if didn’t surrender then attack cities that help create war material. Innocent lives could have been saved if they evacuated the cities as warned. The dropping of the two atomic bombs saved millions of lives of Americans and the lives of Japaneses. The Japanese government plan was to invade America in a land invasion, causing up to 5 to 10 million casualties of Japanese fighters.…

    • 742 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Before St. Thomas Aquinas gave an answer to the question whether God exists in things, he, in I.7, answered that God is limitless. The characteristic of limitless things is to exist with an unending amount everywhere in everything . Then he asks about God’s existence in things, I.8.1-4. He is trying to answer the questions: Is God in all things, Is God everywhere, Is God everywhere by essence, power, and presence, and Does it belong to God alone to be everywhere? These questions and their answers are a significant component of Aquinas’s understanding of the natural world.…

    • 1004 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Atomic Bomb Speech

    • 868 Words
    • 4 Pages

    In World War II, an atomic bomb was released by the United States, striking and devastating parts of Japan. This action made by the U.S. government was immensely criticized by the public eye. In class, we read the three texts, “Robert Oppenheimer Speech”, “A Petition to the President of the United States”, and “The Decision to Drop the Bomb”. All of these pieces of writing discuss the topic of how and why United States decided to drop a nuclear bomb over to Japan. The three seem to have a the common topics of the fact that the U.S. should not have used their nuclear weapons and that having the ability to use atomic bombs is privilege that should have been discussed in more detail, however these texts also discuss different perspectives on dropping bombs into a country.…

    • 868 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    During World War II the world was advancing quickly in the realms of science specifically, science that had to do with weapons, the largest of these advancements was the creation of atomic bomb, this is undeniably the deadliest weapon in human history, the splitting of the atom, the smallest substance of matter, can cause an unimaginable amount of destruction. Since the bombs creation the world has generally come to the consensus that it is unethical, and immoral for a country to use it against someone else. However, there always has to be an exception, and that exception is of course the United States when they dropped the bomb on Japan at the end of World War 2. President Truman justified his decision to drop the bomb by claiming that it…

    • 1417 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “Was the U.S justified in dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the Second World War? Discuss the benefits and costs that it resulted.” 1. Introduction During World War Two, the U.S dropped two atomic bombs on the cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing high death rates upon the Japanese. Many people may argue that the bombings were devastating and have had a dreadful effect on people’s lives.…

    • 1213 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    For many years there has been a debate between the opposing philosophical frameworks consequentialism and deontology. Some could argue that consequentialisms maxim of "the ends justify the means” as the determinant for a moral action may be inconsistent with other important aspects of value such as rights and allegiance. Others may argue that deontology is simply too restrictive and independent of the context in which it could be applied to. Although these two philosophical frameworks have various pros and cons associated with them, I will argue that consequentialism is the most flexible of the two frameworks. Consequentialism portrays right action in terms of intrinsic value, stating that the “action is right if…its consequences would be…

    • 1347 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The existence of God is always important in the aspect of philosophy. St. Thomas Aquinas explains what he believes is the five reasons god exists. The five reasons he believes why God exist is the Argument from Motion, Efficient Causes, Possibility and Necessity, Gradation of Being, and Design. The definition of God means that which nothing greater can be meant. St. Aquinas is a known philosopher for his discussions of the relationship between faith and the reasons, including the five reasons and proof why God existence is true, while developing Aristotelian doctrines within the church (PBF 42).…

    • 1606 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    The presence of a sort of tension between faith and reason has been innate to humans since people first started to question what the true purpose of life is. The existence of this separation could be clearly viewed by looking comparing Athens and Jerusalem, with Athens representing truth through reason and philosophy and Jerusalem representing truth through insights of revelation and purity of soul. Therefore, faith and reason have always posed tension by their proximity and their constantly juxtaposing views. Many view these two concepts as complete opposites, that reason is proven by fact and that faith cannot be proven. However, some philosophers have described how faith and reason can actually come together to come to the truth and how faith can be an extension of the reason that works to reach a higher truth.…

    • 1716 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Throughout his “Meditations” Descartes will demonstrate that he is breaking away from the traditional way of thinking and metaphysics. And, throughout the text Descarte will lay out a foundation to a different way of thinking. One in which one does not solely rely on the senses to know things, but instead rely on an inspection of the mind. But, this conflicts with other philosophers of Descartes time, and it conflicts with what is being taught within the schools, Around Descartes time, many of the schools were using the writings of Aquinas and therefore Aristotle to teach, and they had become almost the center of philosophy. In this paper I will discuss and explain how Descartes’ views are different from the medieval and classical views of Aquinas and Aristotle.…

    • 1248 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Consequentialism and deontology are contrasting theories of philosophy that guide us in viewing acts in terms of their morality. The doctrine of consequentialism suggests we should judge the morality of actions purely on the results they produce; whereas deontology aims to judge morality based on the conduct of an individual, and morality is decided from the moral acceptance of a particular action rather than the result the decision produces. These principles of philosophy have existed for thousands of years, with many philosophers throughout history using them as a basis for their work. In the context of an ethical situation, we can thoroughly use these ideologies as instruments to determine an effective solution to prevent a harmful dilemma;…

    • 1326 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Utilitarianism is a normative moral approach to ethics that tries to maximise the pleasure and minimises the amount of pain in given a situation. John Stuart Mill analysis the principle of Utility, Utility meaning ‘happiness’. Mill often thought it was important that in any given situation that happiness is supposed to continue to be uplifted (Mill, 1864 p.9). Mill examines, that happiness is the ultimate end in which every human lives their life to, and so anything has to be a means for that end to happen (Mill, 1864 p.52). In linguistic terms, it can be described as a “’theory of usefulness’”…

    • 1492 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays