There are limitations and critiques of Positivism theories. By using a criminologist, Charles Goring whom published a book in 1913 entitled The English Convict: A Statistical Study argued that there is no such thing as a physical criminal type. His literature can be considered the first to adopt the explanation that criminality is probably the result of the integrating of a various biological, sociological and environmental factors at a time (Garland 1988). Although, Some criminologists also argued that the approach is not at all objective, as the theories only deals with social constructs rather than scientific facts, and tying it to a behaviorist’s view in humanity that overlooks the importance of beliefs, values, and purpose (Averill 1983).
