According to Smith, children gradually come to know and understand the world through their own activities in communication with others (1998, p. 2). We see many different accepts that contribute to Ruby’s development. Human development in early childhood including; physical (Gesell), cognitive (Piaget) and emotional (Erikson) areas are influenced by cultural and contextual (Bronfenbrenner) aspects of the environment. Ruby is a prime example of these influences. Ruby is a three year old who lives with her parents and her older brother. When looking at different theorists, the stages of development can be seen through Ruby’s level of learning.
Gesell’s maturational theory examines the maturation or development of children. “He studied children’s …show more content…
“At each Freudian stage, he introduced concepts that gradually led to an understanding of the most decisive, general encounter between the child and the social world”, (Crain, 2005, p 279). Erikson looks at healthy personalities. Each individual’s task is to achieve ego-identity. They do this by acquiring specific skills and attitudes that make the individual an active, contributing member of society. The more successfully a child goes through each task or challenge, the healthier the development will be. Erikson’s stages of development, show that Ruby is in the second stage: autonomy versus shame/doubt and starting to move into the third stage: Initiative versus guilt. In the second stage; during age two and three, the child starts to “stand on their own two feet and they begin to explore the world” (Crain, 2005, p. 283). Ruby still has tantrums, meaning she hasn’t got her way. She is still developing her autonomy; she is still slightly in stage 2. Her parents help her though with the way they listen to her carefully and actually take into account what she is saying. “Shame is the feeling that we do not look good in others eyes” (Crain, 2005, p. 284). In Ruby’s case, she feels a sense of shame and guilt when she isn’t as good as riding her bike as the other boys in the cul-de-sac. However, she quickly gets over this as she goes and …show more content…
13). Bronfenbrenner “postulates that a person develops within a series of five systems in the environment” (Podmore, 2006, p. 29). In the first system: the microsystem, Ruby is directly affected by the immediate things around her, meaning her family and preschool. Because Ruby’s mum and dad take her ideas and choices into account; she will grow up trusting her parents and having an honest relationship with them. Her microsystem also consists of her ‘lovely’ preschool teacher. In the second system, which is all about the relationships between the microsystems, the mesosystem shows that her family and her preschool have a good relationship. This sets a good foundation for Ruby to develop in a caring and warm environment. In the third system, the Exosystem, Ruby could be affected by social media. “Development is always grounded in a particular society at a particular time in history” (Drewery and Claiborne, 2014, p.17). She could be affected by family friends and neighbours. The only mention of her neighbourhood is of the cul-de-sac boys. Ruby doesn’t seem too affected by them but she does realise that she isn’t as good as them as riding her bike. The Macrosystem, the fourth system, is the attitudes and ideologies of the culture surrounding them. Ruby could be affected by the ideologies of her parents and the
Gesell’s maturational theory examines the maturation or development of children. “He studied children’s …show more content…
“At each Freudian stage, he introduced concepts that gradually led to an understanding of the most decisive, general encounter between the child and the social world”, (Crain, 2005, p 279). Erikson looks at healthy personalities. Each individual’s task is to achieve ego-identity. They do this by acquiring specific skills and attitudes that make the individual an active, contributing member of society. The more successfully a child goes through each task or challenge, the healthier the development will be. Erikson’s stages of development, show that Ruby is in the second stage: autonomy versus shame/doubt and starting to move into the third stage: Initiative versus guilt. In the second stage; during age two and three, the child starts to “stand on their own two feet and they begin to explore the world” (Crain, 2005, p. 283). Ruby still has tantrums, meaning she hasn’t got her way. She is still developing her autonomy; she is still slightly in stage 2. Her parents help her though with the way they listen to her carefully and actually take into account what she is saying. “Shame is the feeling that we do not look good in others eyes” (Crain, 2005, p. 284). In Ruby’s case, she feels a sense of shame and guilt when she isn’t as good as riding her bike as the other boys in the cul-de-sac. However, she quickly gets over this as she goes and …show more content…
13). Bronfenbrenner “postulates that a person develops within a series of five systems in the environment” (Podmore, 2006, p. 29). In the first system: the microsystem, Ruby is directly affected by the immediate things around her, meaning her family and preschool. Because Ruby’s mum and dad take her ideas and choices into account; she will grow up trusting her parents and having an honest relationship with them. Her microsystem also consists of her ‘lovely’ preschool teacher. In the second system, which is all about the relationships between the microsystems, the mesosystem shows that her family and her preschool have a good relationship. This sets a good foundation for Ruby to develop in a caring and warm environment. In the third system, the Exosystem, Ruby could be affected by social media. “Development is always grounded in a particular society at a particular time in history” (Drewery and Claiborne, 2014, p.17). She could be affected by family friends and neighbours. The only mention of her neighbourhood is of the cul-de-sac boys. Ruby doesn’t seem too affected by them but she does realise that she isn’t as good as them as riding her bike. The Macrosystem, the fourth system, is the attitudes and ideologies of the culture surrounding them. Ruby could be affected by the ideologies of her parents and the