Child and Adolescent Development Child and adolescent behavior has developed over time and “no one theory of development is universally accepted” (Matorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2014, p.39). it all began with the organismic and discontinuous theories of Freud, Erikson, and Piaget. Then, the mechanistic and continuous theories of psychologists, such as, Watson, Bowlby, and Vygotsky found popular support. They were all catalogue into the five theoretical perspectives; psychanalytic, learning, cognitive, contextual, and evolutionary/sociobiological. Child and adolescent theories continue to emerge, be modified, and develop as more studies and research happens.
Psychoanalytic perspective Freud and Erikson were leading developers of the psychoanalytic perspective that “sees development as motivated by unconscious emotional drives and conflicts” (Matorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2014, p.56). Both, came from a European perspective, but Freud’s psychoanalytic was based on sexuality and the “need to recognized and …show more content…
“According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, children’s development is determined by both immediate and distant systems that typically influence each other” (Onchwari, Onchwari, & Keengwe, 2008, P. 271). Bronfenbrenner developed five systems of influence, from the child’s daily environment to the larger political, economic, and dominant belief systems around them (Matorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2014). Bronfenbrenner and other contextualists, saw child and adolescent development as inseparable from their environment (Matorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2014). Vygotsky’s theory overlaps both the cognitive and contextual perspective and his theory crossed both the social and culture aspects of the child (Matorell, Papalia, & Feldman,
Psychoanalytic perspective Freud and Erikson were leading developers of the psychoanalytic perspective that “sees development as motivated by unconscious emotional drives and conflicts” (Matorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2014, p.56). Both, came from a European perspective, but Freud’s psychoanalytic was based on sexuality and the “need to recognized and …show more content…
“According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, children’s development is determined by both immediate and distant systems that typically influence each other” (Onchwari, Onchwari, & Keengwe, 2008, P. 271). Bronfenbrenner developed five systems of influence, from the child’s daily environment to the larger political, economic, and dominant belief systems around them (Matorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2014). Bronfenbrenner and other contextualists, saw child and adolescent development as inseparable from their environment (Matorell, Papalia, & Feldman, 2014). Vygotsky’s theory overlaps both the cognitive and contextual perspective and his theory crossed both the social and culture aspects of the child (Matorell, Papalia, & Feldman,