Kalidar

Because of its social and political aspects, Kalidar is a modern work that has some characteristics of Greek romance, in its Bakhtinian definition, such as the importance of chance, fate, and “sudden time.” Bakhtin uses two terms in order to explain the time in Greek romance, “suddenly” and “at just that moment” (Dialogic Imagination 95). From them, he concludes with the other concept, “adventuristic chance time” through which human life changes mostly based on chance (Ibid 94). Moreover, the characters have fixed identities without any kind of growth and “becoming.” They are not active individuals who shape the events and they cannot plan for their lives; rather they are captured by chance and fate. Escaping from predetermined destinies by author/narrator, new themes cannot be narrated in old literary forms; they are narrated in new styles of narrations by the author who experience new …show more content…
The challenge of the relationship between form and content shows itself differently in poetry and prose. Regarding the poetry, the fans of the old poetry stressed the authentic rules of rhyme, rhythm, and rhetoric which were shaped through centuries
[T]hose whose conception of poetry was being violated began to frame the argument in terms of poetry as a highly cherished symbol of cultural purity being threatened by “foreign” influences and “alien” concepts. To them, the new poetry was a highly visible sign of cultural capitulation because it violated the “spirit” of the Persian language and Iranian culture. They saw the kind of poetry written by Nima and his young followers as evidence of their unfamiliarity with a glorious tradition which they imagined as embodying that spirit (Karimi-Hakkak