Because a child’s brain is developing at this crucial time in their life countless events can affect their growth positively and negatively. According to Gershoff and Grogan-Kaylor (2016), 80% of children around the world are spanked or have experienced some kind of physical punishment from their parents (p. 453). The meta-analyses in their research found that there was no association of improved behavior when a child is spanked instead they found that their were 13 detrimental outcomes (Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016).
In the article, “Spanking and Child Outcomes”, Gershoff and Grogan-Kaylor (2016) chose potential studies to use in their meta-analyses. Their primary source for the study was through theoretical research, in which they searched