1. Name and describe at least 5 threats to validity (ea. threat accurately described is worth 2 points up to a possible 16 points).
History threat- This occurs when the study outcome is affected by some historical event. If a specific event or chain of events does transpire during the time when a treatment is administered and it affects the observations it is a threat to the internal validity. Often times there is no way of determining if the historical event(s) or the treatment accounts for the results found.
Maturation threat- Between pre- and postmeasurement, this is a threat to validity resulting from normal development changes in participants between the pretext and the post test that could affect the results. Maturation threat differs …show more content…
In order to minimize risks researchers can provide information about the experimental design such as including the results of previous studies of the same sort. They can also create a research team of people who have sufficient expertise and experience in conducting such research. By collecting data from standard-of-care procedures researchers can work to avoid unnecessary risks. Also, from incorporating adequate safeguards into a research design such as using pilot participants and role playing, a more accurate assessment of risk and benefits can be assessed. Socially sensitive research can be better planned if consultation with colleagues and Human Subject Review Committees who are knowledgeable about individuals or groups multicultural or cross cultural issues. Assessing risks, assessing benefits, and comparing risks and benefits is a three step process which takes into account the ethical consideration of risks versus benefits related to research with human …show more content…
These often include brief written responses on interview, surveys, video and audio data recording, anthropological field research, among many other approaches that are of nonnumeric format. Qualitative research is primarily used when circumstances consist of one or more characteristics including: generating new hypothesis or theories, looking to achieve a deeper understanding of an issue, getting a more detailed description of a phenomenon, or for mixed methods research. It is important to note that all qualitative data can be coded quantitatively and can be based on quantitative judgments. Also when speaking of qualitative and quantitative data, one should know that all quantitative data is based on qualitative judgments. It would be accurate to describe qualitative data as extremely varied in nature including the major categories of in-depth interviews, direct observations, and written documents, participant observation, uninstructed interviewing, case study, and focus groups. When gauging the quality of qualitative research one must take into consideration the internal and external validity, objectivity, reliability, credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. Unobtrusive measures can also be used as a way of collecting data. Some of the strengths of qualitative research are: issues are able to be explored in depth and detail, information is not gathered
History threat- This occurs when the study outcome is affected by some historical event. If a specific event or chain of events does transpire during the time when a treatment is administered and it affects the observations it is a threat to the internal validity. Often times there is no way of determining if the historical event(s) or the treatment accounts for the results found.
Maturation threat- Between pre- and postmeasurement, this is a threat to validity resulting from normal development changes in participants between the pretext and the post test that could affect the results. Maturation threat differs …show more content…
In order to minimize risks researchers can provide information about the experimental design such as including the results of previous studies of the same sort. They can also create a research team of people who have sufficient expertise and experience in conducting such research. By collecting data from standard-of-care procedures researchers can work to avoid unnecessary risks. Also, from incorporating adequate safeguards into a research design such as using pilot participants and role playing, a more accurate assessment of risk and benefits can be assessed. Socially sensitive research can be better planned if consultation with colleagues and Human Subject Review Committees who are knowledgeable about individuals or groups multicultural or cross cultural issues. Assessing risks, assessing benefits, and comparing risks and benefits is a three step process which takes into account the ethical consideration of risks versus benefits related to research with human …show more content…
These often include brief written responses on interview, surveys, video and audio data recording, anthropological field research, among many other approaches that are of nonnumeric format. Qualitative research is primarily used when circumstances consist of one or more characteristics including: generating new hypothesis or theories, looking to achieve a deeper understanding of an issue, getting a more detailed description of a phenomenon, or for mixed methods research. It is important to note that all qualitative data can be coded quantitatively and can be based on quantitative judgments. Also when speaking of qualitative and quantitative data, one should know that all quantitative data is based on qualitative judgments. It would be accurate to describe qualitative data as extremely varied in nature including the major categories of in-depth interviews, direct observations, and written documents, participant observation, uninstructed interviewing, case study, and focus groups. When gauging the quality of qualitative research one must take into consideration the internal and external validity, objectivity, reliability, credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. Unobtrusive measures can also be used as a way of collecting data. Some of the strengths of qualitative research are: issues are able to be explored in depth and detail, information is not gathered