Rubashov was once a leader of the party, but is cast into disgrace and treated as a traitor. He is jailed, tortured, and made to admit to a crime he did not commit. The party Rubashov had worked so hard for becomes nothing to him but “desert and darkness of night” (Darkness, #). Even Ivanov, a man of the older generation of the party who had interrogated Rubashov, is betrayed by the new generation and arrested and executed as an enemy of the party. In the end, Rubashov believes the original aim and the purpose of the party has become more than just unsettled, it has been totally lost. The ends cannot justify the means since the means create the end and are a definite part of the outcome. The means which Rubashov, just as the older generation of the party, had used culminates in the creation of a new generation and is the reason for his mistreatment and
Rubashov was once a leader of the party, but is cast into disgrace and treated as a traitor. He is jailed, tortured, and made to admit to a crime he did not commit. The party Rubashov had worked so hard for becomes nothing to him but “desert and darkness of night” (Darkness, #). Even Ivanov, a man of the older generation of the party who had interrogated Rubashov, is betrayed by the new generation and arrested and executed as an enemy of the party. In the end, Rubashov believes the original aim and the purpose of the party has become more than just unsettled, it has been totally lost. The ends cannot justify the means since the means create the end and are a definite part of the outcome. The means which Rubashov, just as the older generation of the party, had used culminates in the creation of a new generation and is the reason for his mistreatment and