The Sumerians: The Invention Of Civilization

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While many early societies had small systems of governing what men and women did, they lacked an overall formal government. As art, culture, and population grew in societies, there was a need for a bigger form of control over the people to keep order and drive the economy. Not only did formal government emerge from these groups, but writing, a wide variety of goods and urban centers came about as well. These aspects of society made up what we now know as a civilization.

One of the earliest civilizations formed was called the Sumerians. They lived in the Tigris and Euphrates river valley after taking over Mesopotamia. Notably one of their biggest developments was the invention of written language, in which they used shapes to symbolize the

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