The missions were built by the Spanish starting in 1769 in order to colorize the territory of Alta California, which they had discovered over two centuries earlier. There had been various proposals over the years to do something with this territory, but it was hard reaching the coast of Alta California from new Spain (Mexico) in those days, sailing against the wind and currents, and Spain had other priorities. The driving purpose (from the king’s perspective) was to protect and hold territory Spain had “discovered” and claimed. Missions were the fastest and most economical way to settle this vast territory. It simply was not practical or affordable to send large numbers of soldiers and settlers. Missions were not unique to California and yes,
