The Declaration of the Indian Juan is written in the format of a Spanish author documenting his exchange with a Pueblo, “Indian Juan,” that chronicles the Pueblo experience of the Pueblo Rebellion. The author is unknown, but presumably is a former Spanish leader or resident of the Pueblo area. They are likely documenting this conversation for the consumption of others displaced from that area or to the Spanish back home. It is clearly not intended for a Native American audience due to the lengthy explanation of the fear of El Pope that would not have been needed for other Pueblo Indians.…
Upon hearing of this, Spanish friars were sent to convert the natives. Two of these friars, Ramon Pané and Bartolomé de las Casas, documented their experiences in the new world and with the natives. A Dutch engraver by the name of Theodore de Bry, who never visited the new world, made four engravings depicting the Spaniard's experiences. Through the eyes of Pané, Las Casas, and De Bry, we are able see how the Spaniards viewed the natives, and the relationship…
Sam Shadle Foundations A 9/12/15 ________________________________________ Henry VII, First Letters Patent Granted to John Cabot and His Sons (1496) ________________________________________ 1. Summarize the freedoms afforded John Cabot by this Patent. What benefits are guaranteed Cabot under this contract? He is guaranteed, under this patent, the exclusive right to explore the unknown New World bearing the flag of England.…
Bonfil Batalla’s book, Mexican Profundo: Reclaiming a Lost Civilization, highlights the struggles of the Mesoamerican culture in the past and present. The author provides an insightful look at two different civilizations that have occupied Mexico throughout the centuries. Batalla named these two civilizations the Mexico Profundo and the imaginary Mexico. He explains how these civilizations have major differences that restrict their ability to coexist peacefully together. This book provides a detailed perspective of the differences and effects of the Mexico Profundo and the imaginary Mexico, the colonization of Mexico, Mexico after the colonial period, and the modern resistances of the Mexico Profundo.…
The documentary The Devil’s Miner, by Kief Davidson and Richard Ladkani, follows the lives of the mining community in the Cerro Rico mountain in Potosí, Bolivia. Cerro Rico played an important role on the strength of the Spanish Empire. The mountain, and many others like it, was rich with silver deposits. The city become one of the most populous cities. However, today, the city has become a very difficult place to live in.…
Every single story, fight, or for this matter, a crucial era of history, has two versions of what occurred. Each side has their own opinions, reasons, and understanding of the events. Both versions might and should always hold some sort of truth. But usually, only the version of the side that wins is told and heard. Howard Zinn is the author of A People’s History of the United States , a book in which the version of history told is from the losing and oppressed side.…
In the Mayan Empire, every 20th day was a festival day. Priest will dress in fierce masks and towering hats, their hats jingled. The priest try to make loud noise to show that they are fierce and powerful. Another festival name Bloodletting, this festival was a personal sacrifice. The Maya cut themselves so they would bleed. The nobles smeared their blood on a tree and burned, to helped their blood can get to heaven and so the gods would know they do it for their…
There are countless cultures exist in the world, we were all raised to believe in different things and taught with different perspectives, even things that sometimes other cultures do not consider or even know that existed. Therefore, how can we judge someone’s characteristics sorely based on his actions? There are different moral codes in different cultures, even different traditions and different Gods. Cultural relativism lengthens this idea by presuming that whether a moral action is accepted differ from society to society, and different society follow different rules, thus all cultures are treated equally. One can argue that human sacrifice in Aztec civilization was accepted by within own society, just as we have turkeys for Thanksgiving…
In a distant land, there was a famous city where the Aztec’s god had told them to look for. Tenochtitlan, surrounded by "floating gardens" and high mountains, was beautiful and very well-organized. One day, an Aztec merchant went up to the Great Temple to ask the priest to interpret his dream. As he arrived, his eyes immediately flashed on the majestic temple.…
Although there were a wide variety of deities worshiped by the Mayans, the most prominent of them were Hunab Ku, Itzamna, Ix Chebal Yaz, Ah Puch, Ek Chuah, and Chac. Hunab Ku: The Mayans worshiped this god as their supreme god and viewed him as the creator of the universe reportedly. He is also synchronized with the god Itzamna. Hunab Ku was viewed so highly that it was believed he did not participate in the affairs associated with humans.…
Centuries after the fall of Ancient Egypt, an oceangoing warrior culture arose in the coastal regions of Scandinavia. Known for their ferocity and daring expeditions, the Vikings were talented sailors, ship-builders, and fighters that were active from the eighth to eleventh centuries AD (history.com). Often referred to as Norsemen, the Vikings practiced their own religion that was centered upon mythology and the worship of ancestors and Gods such as Odin. The afterlife was an integral aspect of Nordic religion and belief that was considered to have comprised two main realms, Valhalla and Helheim (legends and chronicles). Similar to Christian notions of heaven and hell, Valhalla represented paradise and was achieved through an honorable death,…
There are many godly acts that make a person pious. Being humble, helping others, sacrificing, those are all aspects of living a faith filled life. In the ancient world although personal sacrifices were impressive and viewed as pious, the most important action necessary for being viewed as pious, was caring for the poor. Being generous was viewed as the most important, even in the eyes of God, as shown through his miracles. St. Clare did a remarkable job at caring for the poor and she can be used as a strong example and role model.…
As Franklin D. Roosevelt states, “If civilization is to survive, we must cultivate the science of human relationships - the ability of all peoples, of all kinds, to live together, in the same world at peace.” In regard to the interactions of the Europeans, Spanish, and Native Americans, blindness and unfamiliarity were at the forefront of this developing time. In light of the world's’ new developments, each country's perspective varied from place to place, and members of each nation forged relationships with Indians in very different ways. Despite a vast assortment of economic and social status’ seen throughout both England and Spain, we see a similarity in the way the two interacted with the Natives. (4) No matter how important the Natives…
When the first colonist arrived in the Americas, they were astonished by many aspects of this new world. The encounter’s they had with the natives of the area was met with great deal of brutality due to conflicting ideologies. The vast differences between the natives and the Europeans was not well accepted by the first explorers. Many of the first explorers were missionaries who wanted to convert the indigenous to Catholicism, but once they started to observe the culture and beliefs system they readily condemned them as evil, backwards even. The colonist used theological ideologies to defend the brutality that they used against the Indigenous people.…
The theme of sacrifice has a metamorphosed meaning and purpose over the discourse of salvation history. Its significance is memorialised within the covenants, the Passover and Easter triduum, transcending to its definitive meaning and form within the Eucharist. In the old covenant, sacrifice was a trial to be completed by the prophets, to prove their love and dedication, on behalf of humanity after the fall. The sacrifice of the lamb during the Passover shielded the Jews from Gods destruction of Egypt. The sacrifice of the lamb to protect the Israelites foreshadows, Christ as “the Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world.”…