The 1800s brought major changes to America in terms of technology and city growth. Population expansion emphasized the tensions between different races and classes. By the 1920s half the US population was urban and between the years 1800-1925 40 million immigrants had come into the states. Following these social and demographic changes, white protestant americans feared that immigrants were undermining the structure of religion and the city(Palen 63 ? ) Historian Thomas Sugrue clarifies that these and other northern urban whites were a threat because they limited the extension of civil rights to african americans. The Second Great Migration - when blacks seeked better housing in white sections of the city - triggered the onset of the residential
