What are the components of this multiple opportunity structures and how do these components support the use of gender norms and sexualization as a basis for political legitimacy?
Sperling describes the components of the multiple opportunity structures as comprising of cultural, economic, political, international, and historical opportunity structures. First, the political opportunity structure addresses the changes made to the Russian political system in a way that created space for the establishment of a legitimate strategy for gender norms. This was specially made possible by the presence or absence of feminist movement that can criticize public sexism. The presence of such movements in any country helps to limit the nurturing of gender norms in the administrative politics. Notably, there has been a weak Russian women’s movement after 1990 and during the rule of Putin, a situation that facilitated the use of sexual politics to thrive unnoticeably. This relative dormancy of these movements and movement organizations in the public during his first decade led to sexualization and sexual stereotyping in political cultural and economic spaces. …show more content…
Commercial capitalism that began in 1990 resulted in an uncompetitive economic and political system. Initially, advertisements were rare in Russia because sales and production were owned by the state. Commercial capitalism emerged and created a commodity out of women’s body where they featured skimpily dressed women and secretarial positions required women to submit their photos. Also, commercial capitalism resulted in Western products alongside advertisement styles that displayed new models of masculine and feminine attractiveness. These trends culminated to the sexualization of politics in the choice of political candidates and their
Sperling describes the components of the multiple opportunity structures as comprising of cultural, economic, political, international, and historical opportunity structures. First, the political opportunity structure addresses the changes made to the Russian political system in a way that created space for the establishment of a legitimate strategy for gender norms. This was specially made possible by the presence or absence of feminist movement that can criticize public sexism. The presence of such movements in any country helps to limit the nurturing of gender norms in the administrative politics. Notably, there has been a weak Russian women’s movement after 1990 and during the rule of Putin, a situation that facilitated the use of sexual politics to thrive unnoticeably. This relative dormancy of these movements and movement organizations in the public during his first decade led to sexualization and sexual stereotyping in political cultural and economic spaces. …show more content…
Commercial capitalism that began in 1990 resulted in an uncompetitive economic and political system. Initially, advertisements were rare in Russia because sales and production were owned by the state. Commercial capitalism emerged and created a commodity out of women’s body where they featured skimpily dressed women and secretarial positions required women to submit their photos. Also, commercial capitalism resulted in Western products alongside advertisement styles that displayed new models of masculine and feminine attractiveness. These trends culminated to the sexualization of politics in the choice of political candidates and their