In recent years, the role of apology in resolving conflicts and preventing litigation has gained much prominence. Particularly, in civil litigation, apology has the potential to promote negotiations, generate settlements, mitigate and absolve liability as it can be used as an effective tool at various stages during the civil dispute resolution process. For civil disputes involving medical practitioners and patients, apologies have the ability to defuse the spur of litigation and restore the relationship of trust and confidence between them. This is because apologies give recognition to the error that has occurred and reflect a sincere sense of remorse by the medical practitioner for causing the harm. Nevertheless, medical practitioners fear
