As described earlier conventional methods of producing clad pipes, a state of the art method Cladding using high density infrared fusion, unlike other conventional methods which has several limitations such as : excessive welding in hot roll bonding for pipes above 14 inch diameter ( welding failure is the most common cause of pipes leakage), additional to limited availability and not feasible for large diameter and thick walled pipes, as for the mechanically lined (bi-metal) technique that leads to a greater possibility of wrinkling, disbonding, and buckling under bending, stresses, and reeling, along with concern raised in terms of reliability and uniformity, and difficulties in NDT tests due to air gap coupled with the mixture of materials
