He was one of the founding members of NARTH, the National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality, a website that has recently been shutdown and turned into TruthWinsOut.org. But what exactly is conversion therapy? According to Douglas C Haldeman, a PH.D and Counseling Psychologist in Seattle, Washington who composed a scientific examination on the affects of conversion therapy, the practice conducts different experiments on their clients, such as “electric shock or nausea-inducing drugs during presentation of same-sex erotic visual stimuli” (Haldeman, 152). Conversion therapists also conduct covert sensitization, or “the use of noxious stimuli paired with same-sex erotic imagery” (Haldeman, …show more content…
Critics were skeptical, however “a study in 2014 on 409 pairs, or 908 individual homosexual brothers and their genetic makeup compared to a previous scan of 155 pairs of brothers, did in fact find direct correlation of Xq28 influencing the sexual orientation of the gay brothers” (Coghlan). Andy Coghlan, a writer for New Scientist, wrote an article on the most recent 2017 study done by Illinois’ North Shore University on 1077 gay and 1231 straight men. “For the first time, individual genes have been identified that may influence how sexual orientation develops in boys and men, both in the womb and during life. They scanned the men’s entire genomes, looking for single-letter differences in their DNA sequences. This enabled them to home in on two genes whose variants seem to be linked to sexual orientation. One of the genes, which sits on chromosome 13, is active in a part of the brain called the diencephalon. Interestingly, this brain region contains the hypothalamus, which was identified in 1991 as differing in size between gay and straight men” (Coghlan,