To do so, I will examine the current state of Roma rights in France through the lens of Rise, Ropp, and Sikkink’s spiral model, using Hans Peter Schmitz’s application of the model to Kenya and Uganda as theoretical framework. France’s response to the Roma rights crisis is now in Phase 3 of 5 of the spiral model. France remained in Phase 1, deteriorating human rights conditions, for centuries (Schmitz 41). Only in the past century had France’s reaction moved through Phase 2: initial mobilizations of NGO networks and government denial; and has since transitioned into Phase 3: tactical concessions and increased domestic mobilization (Schmitz 44,
To do so, I will examine the current state of Roma rights in France through the lens of Rise, Ropp, and Sikkink’s spiral model, using Hans Peter Schmitz’s application of the model to Kenya and Uganda as theoretical framework. France’s response to the Roma rights crisis is now in Phase 3 of 5 of the spiral model. France remained in Phase 1, deteriorating human rights conditions, for centuries (Schmitz 41). Only in the past century had France’s reaction moved through Phase 2: initial mobilizations of NGO networks and government denial; and has since transitioned into Phase 3: tactical concessions and increased domestic mobilization (Schmitz 44,