Intellectual Ability

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Introduction
In the past, considerable emphasis has been placed on Intellectual Ability as the predictor for
Academic Achievement (Chamorro-Premuzic & Furnham, 2003), as such there can be found an extensive collection of research studies that document intelligence as the dominant predictor for cognitive performance (Busato et al., 2000). These conclusions often base upon the idea that intelligence defines the capacity of an individual to incorporate knowledge and skill to the solving of a given task, mediated by the auxiliary requirement of whether the opportunity to reach this potential capacity is presented in the environment (Poropat, 2009).
Although Academic Achievement has been positively correlated with level of Intelligence, this does
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As previously mentioned, Intelligence may be able to predict what an individual is capable of doing, but it does not necessarily predict how the individual will execute this (Moutafi et al.,
2004). All five factors of personality are present to varying degrees within individuals, and it is principal that all five are studied in conjunction (Conard, 2006) however, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness have shown greater correlations with Academic Performance than the remaining two factors (Poropat, 2009).

A continuously replicated result in many studies concerning personality and
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As stated, a similarity in validity between the personality factor of Conscientiousness and
Intelligence has been found, and there have been studies such as that conducted by Moutafi et al. (2004) that examines whether there is also correlation between these two variables. A major finding in these studies is that while Conscientiousness and Academic Performance are significantly and positively correlated, Conscientiousness and Intellectual Ability show a significant negative correlation. It has been suggested that personality traits do not remain fixed but rather they adapt to suit an individual’s contextual situation, and that the negative association between Conscientiousness and Intelligence may be due to comparably less capable individuals developing a higher Conscientiousness as an adaptive mechanism in order to compete with those who possess higher innate fluid intelligence (Moutafi et al.,
2004).

Three hypotheses have been stated, based on the concepts conveyed in the above reviewed literature, these are as follows;

Hypothesis 1: There will be a significant positive relationship between Intellectual Ability and Academic

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