Federalism Between 1800 To 1850

Superior Essays
The period between 1800 and 1855 marked an era of expansion in American history including the Louisiana purchase, Mexican acquisition, California, Oregon, and development of the Midwest. This era, however, coexisted with a constant state of conflict and mixed feelings about slavery, reformation of society, and rapidly changing political stances. Most opposition and conflict was hinged at areas and topics the country had not decided to explore until then, including federalist opposition to the Louisiana purchase, northern support of the War of 1812, forced Indian removals of the 1830s, spirits of nationalism that extended to the West, and expansion of American values to areas including the Mexican Cession, Oregon, and Cuba. This divide between …show more content…
Jefferson, having been a strict constitutionalist, had broke away from his ideology. The constitution was devoid of any knowledge of expansion, pitting the federalists against him. Federalists were not keen about paying France, their enemy, as they had favored British relations. James Elliott stated, “By the treaty we acquire territory; therefore the treaty was unconstitutional.” In addition was the risk of losing prominence in the existing states. William Plumer of New Hampshire stated, “Admit this western world into the union, and you destroy with a single operation the whole weight and importance of the eastern states.” Federalists believed in a centralized government and territories would create more opposition to their political party. In addition, it would undercut the state 's votes and usurp political ideology put in place. Jefferson enforced a precedent for claiming land with means other than war and …show more content…
John C Calhoun claimed, “None but people advanced to a very high state of moral and intellectual improvement...maintaining free government...good fortune of forming a constitution capable of endurance.” This foreshadowed the conflict with natives arising from expansion to the west. Indians were massacred by the hundreds and their villages and territories were be in sold off at an alarming rate. They were forced to conform with a society that view them as inferiors. Policies were created to promote democracy, and yet the supporters of expansion were ready to promote a form of tyranny over weakened groups for self benefit. Such was the case with the Ostend Manifesto as well. The US believed in inflicting their policy elsewhere and as stated they, “would justify an individual in tearing down the burning house of a neighbor if there were no other means of preventing the flames from destroying his own home.” This flame was threatening an ideal democratic government and the US was trying to spread the ideals to other areas including South America and Cuba. Eventually, federal policy reflected both of these view, allowing Americans to spread their ideas of democracy by forcefully teaching them to inferior groups of

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    The Louisiana Purchase was controversial for Jefferson because he wanted to control an empire of liberty and expand across all of America, however he wanted to avoid foreign entanglements as much as possible. Therefore it would be very difficult to expand when Spain had control of Louisiana which was thought to be soon taken over by France, proving to be a rather large obstacle and making avoiding foreign entanglements impossible. The other possibility was that Britain might take Louisiana before France, which would still prove to be a large obstacle. Pluses : Drawbacks - Ability to deposit American produce in New Orleans : - Possible Entanglement with France - Purchase a vast amount of land for very little money : - Possible Entanglement with Britain : : 5. Aaron Burr plotted to have high federalist form a Northern Confederacy which would be pro-Britain and in this way get federalist nomination for the governorship of New York.…

    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    When taking on the role of presidency on 1801 Jefferson was faced with a task larger than many other Presidents would have to overcome. “His party, ignoring the natural forces which tied the States together even against their wills, insisted that the legal basis of the bond was in the power of any State to withdraw at will”(Under Napoleon I. 1904, pg 7). This lessened America’s apparent standing to other nations due to the signs of weakness and ironic lack of union. Jefferson saw this and was hard pressed to consul the American wrought ideals of democracy and nationality (Under Napoleon I 1904, pg 7). A strong step in that reconciliation was the purchase of the Louisiana Territory in 1803.…

    • 537 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    While 19th century America relied on westward expansion, it also brought up many controversial issues that might have led to the disunion of the U.S. The Federalists political power was downsized after this purchase, which led to talk of secession. Claiming that the Constitution did not allow the Federal government to purchase new land, the Federalists were clearly distressed. However, despite these acts of defiance, the majority of the Senate agreed and the Louisiana Purchase passed twenty-six to six. The gains were huge; this territory would eventually add an additional thirteen states to the…

    • 268 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    He, like Hamilton, understood that the rebellion in France would soon spread throughout Europe and abroad. Unlike Hamilton, however, Jefferson believed that the spread of radical French ideologies was tantamount to preserving the American constitution, “I consider the establishment and success of their government as necessary to stay up our own and to prevent it from falling back to that kind of Halfway-house, the English constitution” (108). Comparatively speaking though, Jefferson’s idealistic stance on American and French relations proved more dangerous to the U.S. than Hamilton’s. His initial views were, in retrospect, Machiavellian in that he believed that the ends would ultimately justify the means, “The liberty of the whole earth was depending on the issue of the contest, and was ever such a prize won with so little innocent blood?” (109).…

    • 1398 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In March 1808, Jefferson tried to conciliate his Federalist adversaries by persuading them that both parties had the same ideas and morals, even if they do not agree with each others opinions. Jefferson promised to lessen government, free trade, make certain that freedom of religion and the press is obtainable and staying away from getting mixed up into crazy alliances with other nations. Jefferson wanted to get rid of Federalist beliefs and keep the centralized state that they encouraged from happening. He also minimized the navy and army and the amount of government workers, did away with all taxes except for the tariff, and paid off some of the nation’s debt. In Jefferson’s eyes, the Louisiana Purchase was his greatest achievement.…

    • 221 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The establishment of the Republic of Texas and the “Fifty Four or Fight!” campaign conceived an American political system heavily influenced by the ideals of Manifest Destiny. The presidential election of 1844, in which public support for James K. Polk’s aggressive expansionist platform over Henry Clay’s neutral platform showcased the American people’s desire for the West. A combination of diplomacy and war would guarantee the acquisition of the Oregon Territory, California, and “New Mexico.” In spite of these achievements, the greater inclusion of slavery in American politics would come back to haunt the United States by setting in motion internal division that would later spiral into the separation of all ties between the North and the South and the outbreak of civil war.…

    • 464 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Thomas Jefferson was a strict constructionist which means that every word in the constitution is to be taken at face value and nothing is to be assumed, or more simply put, if it is not in the constitution than the government cannot do it. He attests this in a letter he sent to a senator in 1820 on the matter of the Missouri compromise. His answer to the question can be summarized by the last sentence of the second paragraph of this letter, "This certainly is the exclusive right of every state, which nothing in the Constitution has taken from them and given to the general government." Although seventeen years prior in the midst of his first term as president of the United States he made the biggest purchase of land in American history the Louisiana purchase. When he knew well that there was nothing in the constitution that gave him the right to buy new territory, explore it, and even go beyond the borders of the land.…

    • 1033 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Varied reasons promoted America’s Westward Expansion in the 19th century. In the beginning of the century, the main expansion catalysts were the nation’s new acquisition of land and opportunities. In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France, doubling the size of the United States and providing a large area west for expansion. During the 1820s, westward migration became popular among American citizens, however, they experienced difficulty pervading national borders as a result of Indians occupying the surrounding land. In response to this, Hamilton passed a law in 1830 to remove Native Americans from their promised territories bordering the United States; later known as the Indian Removal Act.…

    • 992 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Louisiana Purchase was a land deal in 1803 made between France and the United States that resulted in America expanding further into the New World and doubling their land size. This real estate deal resulted in the mass acquisition of land made under Jefferson’s presidency and later fueled Polk into wanting to expand further through the mid-19th-century idea of Manifest Destiny. This idea, made by John L. O 'Sullivan, was that it is America’s god-given right to expand from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. The synthesis of the Louisiana Purchase and the later idea of Manifest Destiny helped spur many debates over newly gained territories through territorial expansion. These debates arose from issues on whether or not land from the Louisiana…

    • 1755 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Westward Expansion Thesis

    • 581 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Westward expansion was the key to the nation’s wellbeing and prosperity, it was believed by Jefferson that a republic depended on an independent, virtuous community for its survival, and that independence and virtue went hand in hand with land ownership. In order to provide enough land to the commoners we would have to expand. The Westward expansion of the United States was a crucial moment in American history. Although the federal government used smart tactical methods to gain land in the 1800’s, it ultimately dishonored and destroyed both people and their causes, which didn’t unite us, it ultimately ended up being a beneficiary to us as a nation. Westward expansion began with the Louisiana Purchase on 1803.…

    • 581 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    After reading the text provided I came to the conclusion that the relationship between the Native Americans and the United States was in constant turmoil. The text is littered with many treaties made with the Natives and the effect these had on all parties involved. The westward expansion caused numerous battles and debates among the politicians and tribes. A quote from the article A Shawnee Argues for an Untied Indian Resistance, 1810 states “After mistreatment of the Native Americans by Presidents Jefferson and Madison, Tecumseh, a Shawnee, tried to organize the Midwestern Indian tribes into a united political alliance to thwart the steady advance of the white settlers.” This quote shows the strained relationship between the Natives and the…

    • 1321 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    North And South Essay

    • 1068 Words
    • 5 Pages

    After the United States declared their independence, it began to divide into two, and later three, main sections: the North, the South, and in the late 1800’s, the West. The North and South had several differences between them, which created significant tension, leading up to the Civil War of 1861-1865. The North was much more industrial than the South, partially because of factors such as being a more popular immigration spot, as well as geographical factors. The South was more agricultural, and seen as more of an agrarian society. Some disagreements were political, while others were geographic and economical.…

    • 1068 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Manifest Destiny Dbq Essay

    • 1141 Words
    • 5 Pages

    In the nineteenth-century the expansion of the United States was revolutionized. The desire for land would soar with the invention of the cotton gin and the idea of the Manifest Destiny. The topic of territorial expansion and the effects it would have on the nation as a whole was a heated political topic. Not only would it internally divide the nation but the desire would also spark a war with Mexico and a treaty with the British. During the 1800s, key legislation was made resulting in or from the expansion of the United States. This includes the Louisiana Purchase, the Missouri Compromise, the Indian Removal Act, the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.…

    • 1141 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    As The United states began a time of expansion into the west in the late 1830’s, debates over whether or not slavery would be permitted in those territories vacated by the native Americans caused great disagreements in Government and Society. While slavery is the most obvious reason for succession, Westward expansion and the rights of the new states were responsible for much of the violent conflicts that lead to the Civil War. States struggled to find common ground, but the differences between North and South and new Immigration made A series of compromises were created but by 1860 compromise had failed. Southerners feared an increase in free states would create an imbalance of power and create an advantage to the abolition of slavery.…

    • 876 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    While America began to expand and become more industrialize, not everybody agreed with the ideas and concepts. Due to the difference in opinion there was a lot of controversy and voiced opinions about the westward expansions. While some Americans supported Westward expansions, there was others who opposed Westward expansions. Also some Americans supported the Mexican War, while others opposed the Mexican war. However, both the Westward expansion and the Mexican war had positive and negative effects to the country we live in today.…

    • 1006 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays

Related Topics