According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there was “A 6 percent increase in CAUTI between 2009 and 2013; although initial data from 2014 seem to indicate that these infections have started to decrease” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015, p. 1). These statistics indicate interventions implemented to prevent the incidence of CAUTIs were effective in 2014. Unfortunately, there is still an estimated there are more than 13,000 deaths associated with Urinary tract infections in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,2015, January).…
Maple Syrup Urine Disease Hannah Gentry , 13SK , 8/21/2014 Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare genetic disorder where an aminoacidopathy secondary to an enzyme defect in the catabolic pathway of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, which are required in order to metabolize certain amino acids in the human body. In other words, it is a metabolism disorder, where the infant is unable to break down the amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Build up of these amino acids and their byproducts will lead to symptoms such as poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy (a lack of energy), irritability, and a characteristic odour of maple syrup in the urine, cerumen (earwax), and sweat. If the disease is left untreated, infants…
Based on the laboratory tests provided, it can be determined that the unknown organism can be identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). This organism is an opportunistic pathogen that can infect non-mammalian, plants, and humans. P. aeruginosa belongs to the bacterial family Pseudomonadaceae, and is a gram-negative rod that approximately measures 0.5 to 0.8 µm by 1.5 to 3.0 µm. It can normally be found in water and soil. Its single polar flagellum makes it motile, and it is known to be one of the fastest swimming bacteria found in hay infusion and pond water (Crittenden, Trussell, Hand, and Howe 2012).…
According to Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, and Camera (2014), pyelonephritis is defined as inflammation of the renal parenchyma, collecting system, and renal pelvis. Pyelonephritis can be categorized as acute or chronic. Acute pyelonephritis, the more common type, usually results from colonization and infection of the lower urinary tract that if left untreated can ascend through the urethral route and infect the kidneys (Lewis et al., 2014). Chronic pyelonephritis occurs when the kidneys are frequently infected causing the kidneys to become small, atrophic, and loose function from all the scarring (Lewis et al., 2014). Also, with chronic pyelonephritis the extent of the scarring depends on the amount of past infections and how severe…
Three unique facts about the urinary system are: 1. All of the blood in our body is filtered through the kidneys 400 times every single day. 2. The kidneys are capable of cleaning 1 million gallons of water in an entire lifetime. 3.…
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2016), list CAUTI as the fourth most common hospital acquired infection or about 93,300 urinary tract infections (UTI’s) leading to 13,000 deaths annually. Prevention of CAUTI is the key. No exact data on when CAUTI was first discovered, but with the emergence of evidence-base practice, more attention has been drawn on the commonness of CAUTI.…
An upper urinary tract infection is pyelonephritis , which is more severe and can require multiple…
Circumcision is the most frequent surgical procedure performed on children that lessens the risk of UTIs. Circumcision is a procedure in which part of the prepuce is evacuated and results in a non-covered glans. “Uncircumcised boys have an overall 12-fold increased risk of urinary infection during their first 6 months compared with circumcised boys, in addition to a significantly higher probability of hospital admission for UTI (7.02 of 1,000) as compared with circumcised boys (McCue & Shortliffe, 2002)”. At birth, the foreskin, sometimes called the prepuce, is connected to the end of the penis, an area known as the glans. It is known that uro-pathogens attach to and promptly colonize the mucosal surface of the foreskin but not the keratinized…
Complications from untreated infectious cervicitis depend on the pathogen. Untreated microbial cervicitis can spread throughout the genital tract, infecting the lining of the uterus (endometritis) and the Fallopian tubes (salpingitis). Such generalized infections can result chronic pelvic pain, or infertility. Spread to the pelvic organs can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) resulting in adhesion formation and tubal blockage. If cervicitis due to an STI is present during pregnancy, the infant may be infected at the time of delivery, resulting in a newborn eye infection that can eventually lead to blindness.…
Roberta, you make an excellent point about the risk of falls. Older adult patients experiencing a decrease in the amount of time between the perception of the urge to void and the actual need to empty the bladder, as well a reduction in voluntary control of the urge to void end up feeling like prisoners and are uncertain on what action to take. Indeed, altered urinary wellness is a form of non-physical restraint. Often, older adult patients are too scared to get out of bed due to the possibility of falling and injuring themselves; yet, at the same time, want to avoid an incontinent event, which can lead to shame, embarrassment, depression, and loss of self-confidence and self-efficiency (Miller, 2015, pp. 393–396).…
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins, which play an important role in the innate immune system. They are usually single, they usually span the entire membrane and are expressed on sentinel cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, which recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. When the microbe breaches the physical barriers of the body like skin or intestinal mucosa, the TLRs recognize them and initiate an immune response. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12 and TLR13, of which TLR12 and 13 are not found in humans. TLRs received their name from their similarity to the protein coded by toll gene in Drosophila in the year 1985 by Christiane Nusslein-Volhard.…
In the vaginal divider there is high substance of glycogen and each one of those things can influence it. Glycogen is changed over into high centralization of lactic corrosive and that aides in keeping the awful microscopic organisms. What can be the explanation behind numerous infections is soluble environment in the vagina.…
The disease myiasis occurs mainly in rural regions, and there is a direct relationship between the poor health, low education, and age with myiasis (). It is more common in patients with disorderly behaviors, mental health problems, diabetics, those with immunodeficiency and in patients with low level of the economy (). Exposures to purulent lesions attract and stimulate flies to lay eggs or larvae on lesion. Furthermore, population habits, such as sitting or lying on the ground with the naked body and poor hygiene increase the risk of myiasis. In temperate regions, myiasis occurs mainly in the summer months while in the tropics it is more likely to occur during the year ().…
The urinary tract is made up of systems in order to help prevent infections. Most of the time Urinary Tract Infections are not significant but sometimes the infections can lead to major problems like a kidney infection. Chronic kidney infections and acute kidney infections, on the other hand, are very serious infections. Chronic kidney infections can cause long-lasting damage including poor kidney function, high blood pressure as well as other problems. Acute kidney infections can sometimes be life-threatening if the bacteria go into the…
The Urinary System The urinary system is one of the eleven major organ systems of our body. This organ system is one that is often over looked. The urinary system removes toxins from the blood and maintains the acid-base balance of the body. This system regulates the chemical composition, volume, and electrolyte balance of the blood.…