Alain Locke: The New Negro During The Harlem Renaissance

Improved Essays
There has been much debate over the Negro during the Harlem Renaissance. Two philosophers have created their own interpretations of the Negro during this Period. In Alain Locke’s essay, The New Negro, he distinguishes the difference of the “old” and “new” Negro, while in Langston Hughes essay, When the Negro Was in Vogue, looks at the circumstances of the “new” Negro from a more critical perspective.

During the Harlem Renaissance period, Alain Locke considers African Americans as transforming into someone “new.” He describes how African Americans migrated from the south to the north and were given new opportunities. The old Negro was being taken away from constantly being scrutinized by the public and whites. The Negros transformed into stronger
…show more content…
In Locke’s opinion the “old” Negro was a confused individual that was always the target of debate. For example, Locke says, “His has perpetuated as an historical fiction partly in innocent sentimentalism, partly in deliberate reactionism.” This is important because the “old” Negro was treated as an object, automatically made to depend on whites, and more or less subjected to being ruled over. The “new” generations of Negros were also stronger, seeking ways to control their own destiny, became conscience of their identity and race, and accepted the color of their skin. “The Negro to-day is inevitably moving forward under the control largely of his own objectives.” The …show more content…
He looks at it as a negative contribution to Negro living because blacks aren’t getting the same equal rights as the whites. Hughes feels that this movement to Harlem only segregated Negros. In addition, Jim Crow Laws were created to keep Negros in their place. He believes that the Negro is in the same position as they were before. For instance, he says “All of us know of the so-called Negro Renaissance of the 20’s was not so gay and sparkling beneath the surface as it looked.” Hughes argues that people need to look at and accept the reality of Negro living during this period. People may have acted as if the movement to Harlem gave people freedom but truthfully, it didn’t. The whites still had the upper-hand and the Negro’s were still left at the bottom struggling to get up. The Negro was still suppressed and subjected to being below. African Americans weren’t given the same opportunity as the whites. For instance, Hughes uses comedy clubs to illustrate certain points of segregation. He writes, “The Negros said: “We can’t go downtown and sit and stare at you in your clubs. While whites got the pleasure to enjoy everything that was offered to them, Negros had to deal with the other end of the frustrating place of unfairness. Hughes also feels that people made it seem like Negros were given opportunities. For example, Hughes

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    The lives of black people in the northern colonies around the eighteenth century are rarely ever mentioned and it’s usually overshadowed by the lives of blacks in the south. The book Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth-Century New England by William D. Piersen examines “Afro-Americans” in New England establishing a subculture for themselves amongst white New England natives. The author discusses in the book how black New Englanders in eighteenth-century intertwined Euro-Americans cultures and their African cultures to create their own way of life within the constraints of the oppressive and puritanic society. The author, Piersen makes his readers think about what it was like to be an African immigrant…

    • 1287 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Harlem Renaissance represented the birth of a new beginning of freedom and identity for the black artists. Following the Great Migration, blacks began to form black communities and the level of confidence in themselves and their culture. Blacks became active, known and self-assertive. Through the arts, the idea of a new type of proud, self-accepting Negro was constantly expressed. This is revealed in Zora Neale Hurston’s writing, because she uses Southern vernacular as well as Harlem slang, to the disdain of other African American authors.…

    • 1088 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The documentary The African Americans Many Rivers to Cross tells that nearly 1.6 million African Americans migrated north into the booming economy of places such as Harlem that was predominately white. That is, until 1910 when African Americans quickly outnumbered the white population in 1980 and actually made up more than 90 percent of the city’s population. Zora Neale Hurston’s writing is both a reflection of and a departure from the ideas of the Harlem Renaissance as represented in Janie’s self-discovery, self-acceptance and changing independence in rural black communities within Florida during the 1920s and 30s. Mrs. Turner in Zora Neale Hurston’s novel reflects the general relationship between black and white people during the Harlem…

    • 875 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    While they are often thought of in romanticized nostalgic ways, especially by white people, the 1920s and 30s were an incredibly volatile time for race relations in America – mainly as a result of the movement known as the Harlem Renaissance. Stretching from the end of World War I to somewhere around 1937, the Harlem Renaissance was categorized largely by the attempt on part of African American – or “Negro” – artists to reassert themselves “apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples’ relationship to their heritage and to each other” (Hutchinson, Introduction). Therefore, one of the main issues for people living in the Harlem Renaissance was whether or not there was actually a tangible difference between art made by people of various races. George S. Schuyler’s piece “The Negro Art Hokum” can be seen as a direct response to this question – one that would have been extremely controversial at the time. As Robin Wiegman points out in her essay “Visual Modernity,” “the visible has a long, contested, and highly contradictory role as the primary vehicle for making race “real” in the United States” (21).…

    • 1838 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In general, African Americans slaves occupied the British colonies and slavery was establishing law in the 1700s in which the “terrible transformation” started taking. In this transformation, millions of African Americans would be affected for generations. In short, new colonies were been establish and the locals became greater acceptance of race slavery were being founded and the older colonies were continuing to grow (Robin, Kelley & Lewis, 2005, p. 66). Therefore, in this essay, I will discuss some discuss some factors on why this transformation took place locally and worldwide, analyze social roles, economic roles, and other factors the slaves played by the mid-eighteenth century.…

    • 836 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In Locke’s explanation of the “old negro” he explained them as a confused individual that was the center of debate in the country. “His has perpetuated as an historical fiction partly in innocent sentimentalism, partly in deliberate reactionism.” This stood out the most because the “old” Negro was treated as an object rather than a human, with that being said they constantly depended on the white population, which easily exposed them to be taken in control of the white society. Leaving the south for the “old negro” was a beginning of a time that African Americans didn’t have to worry about the public and the white man always having an watchful eye on them in order to keep them from doing anything that would lead them to rise in society. The “new negro” generation was substantially stronger compared to the “old negro”, the new negro were always looking for ways to make their hidden talents known.…

    • 458 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    When looking at Barbara Field’s and Omi and Winant’s theoretical models within the narrative of Frederick Douglass’ My Bondage and My Freedom, it can be observed that racial projects are a large proponent of creating and recreating the ideology of race in social structures. It is through the distribution of materials and divisions of peoples by racial distinctions that the ideology of race is reaffirmed throughout the records of Frederick Douglass. Reading and understanding the narrative through the modes of these two theories provide a unique and expository lens to the functionality and flaws of the racial institution that controlled the social structure of the time. Omi and Winant define a racial project to be, “simultaneously an interpretation,…

    • 1504 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    His writing career started and ended doing a time of great changes in the world. His writing reflected the Harlem Renaissance, the Great Depression, the McCarthy era, and the Civil Rights movement (Harper 25). Hughes uses his poem “Harlem” to ask his readers a question, “What happens to a dream deferred?” (Hughes, “Harlem” 1019), this poem is used to tell people never stop trying. Hughes applies his personal struggles along with the racial struggles that the blacks were facing in the United States and the economies struggles in the United States after the Great Depression.…

    • 1347 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Although Hughes had trouble with both black and white critics, he was the first black American to earn his living solely from his writing and public lectures. Part of the reason he was able to do this was the phenomenal acceptance and love he received from average black people” (Poetry 1). This speaks volumes because even though Hughes was knocked down and struggled throughout his life and career he still managed to bring attention to key issues and African Americans were thankful for that. He started out in the Harlem Renaissance speaking out and gaining attention to the inequalities and then shifted to a Marxist approach and spoke out about capitalism, but in each areas he was…

    • 1261 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In her article titled Slavery, Race, and Ideology in America, Barbara Fields asserts that race is a social construction rather than a physical attribute of individuals. In accordance with Fields, injustices have historically arisen when society tries to assign meaning to race. She asserts that dominant groups often use race to assert a presumed biological superiority in order perpetuate social hierarchy and justify oppression. Subsequently, racial meaning is consistently “verified” in social life to the point that it becomes palpable. These ideologies manifest themselves in their inclusion to the law, “which is bound by those rituals that daily create and recreate race in its characteristic American form.…

    • 2031 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Modernism In The 1920s

    • 1037 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Since white supremacy was dominant in the south, many African Americans moved to the north. One location that was especially popular among the black race was Harlem in New York. In Harlem, African Americans expressed pride for their race through creative art which included literature, music, painting, and sculptures. After the African American population in Harlem rapidly increased the “new negro” was then known as the “Harlem Renaissance”(Roark, Pg.764). The “new negro” was mostly supported by all African Americans in America when fighting for their rights since they would initiate picketing protests, sit-ins, and court challenges…

    • 1037 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Harlem Renaissance Dbq

    • 290 Words
    • 2 Pages

    During the early 1900s many African Americans fled the south and moved north. The reason being, the north had some better economic opportunities, which was called the Great Migration. One of the cities they migrated to was Harlem city in New York. Harlem city was considered to be a cultural center drawing in African American writers, artists, musicians etc. coming from the south to freely express their talents.…

    • 290 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    During this era, most whites owned slaves in fact on some plantations, slaves outnumbered the white owners. Before discussing the relationship between the American Revolution and black freedom, we must internalize the conditions slaves live in and why would slaves fight for freedom with possibly the ultimate sacrifice death. According to the authors of the Declaration of Independence, living under the British rule was like being a slave. However, these rights did not include enslaved Africans.…

    • 784 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    His mother often telling the children not to act black and the dad is glorifying how well white people do things. It is not surprising that the young man has problems identifying with being black because he was never shown self love. The adults in have been brainwashed by the belief that being white is better, ultimately playing a part in the blacks ' self degeneration. The second instance is where he encounters a noted Negro woman in at a club in Philadelphia who paid to see a white musician, but would not pay to see a black one. Such racial disparity among blacks themselves make Hughes criticize and call into question black American and their perception of their own race.…

    • 888 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    After WW1, blacks were still racially oppressed in America. Many African Americans relocated toward the northern urban areas to look for employment. Blacks still confronted segregation in business, in schools, and public accommodations. Despite everything, they confronted less issues towards voting rights than those in the southern states. The Harlem Renaissance was a literary, artistic, and intellectual movement that occurred in Harlem, New York.…

    • 868 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays