Chapter 1 Paraphrase: (Thus) Cleopatra’s regal and powerful self-representation was changed by others seeking to exploit it as a symbol of their own power and triumph. (Because) Cleopatra VII represented herself as a divine and powerful woman. (For example) Cleopatra purposely portrayed herself as the goddess Isis in order to establish herself as powerful, maternal, and sexual. (Because) Cleopatra VII drew on traditional symbols and rulers in order to portray herself as a strong and traditional ruler. (For example) She used some associations with powerful pharaohs of the past, specifically Arsinoe II, to support her strength and lineage as a ruler. (Because) Octavian twisted Cleopatra VII’s image into one of his conquering of her and Egypt. (For example) After his victory, Octavian used …show more content…
(Given) in Rome, women were considered to be subordinate to men. (That is) women were not permitted to have power, and powerful women were scorned and rejected by society. (That is) there were strict constraints regarding women’s sexuality. (Because) Cleopatra’s power and autonomy as a female ruler posed a challenge to the traditional gender hierarchy found in Roman culture. (For example) Cleopatra’s power and portrayal of herself were in direct opposition to the Roman views and ideals regarding sex roles at the time. (Because) Rome responded by using writing and imagery in ancient Rome to denounce Cleopatra and her actions. (For example) writing and art either labeled Cleopatra and her actions as socially unacceptable or moved her into a role of domesticity. (Because) representations of Cleopatra forced women into a housewife image and role. (For example) some images depict Cleopatra as subordinate or submissive to men in the