INTRODUCTION
Both alcohol use and depressive symptoms are prevalent in adolescents and young adults (1–3). Additionally, several studies report the co-occurrence of alcohol use and depressive symptoms (4–6). For example, of young depressive adolescents under grade 10, 39% female vs. 14.8% male have ever used alcohol (7). Given co-occurrence of underage alcohol use and early depressive symptoms, disentangling the sequence of alcohol initiation (AI) and depressive symptom onset (DSO) will provide clues for prevention of negative health outcomes associated with co-occurring alcohol use and depressive symptoms.
Limited evidence focuses on the sequence of AI and DSO and existing findings of the association of alcohol use and depressive symptoms …show more content…
By applying Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying covariates and stratifying by race/ethnic groups, we use depressive symptom onset to predict alcohol initiation and conduct parallel analyses using alcohol initiation to predict DSO. AI and DSO related risk factors, psychiatric disorders, and traumatic events are also examined.
METHODS
Sample
The Missouri Family Study (MOFAM) is a population-based family study of alcoholism and related conditions with an oversample of AA families. From 2003 to 2009, families with a child born in birth years to be aged 13,15, 17 or 19 at first interview, along with at least 1 other child over the age of 12, were identified from Missouri state birth records. The detailed method of family ascertainment is described in a previous publication (1).
Procedure and assessment battery Data were collected by trained interviewers via telephone interview using a modified version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) (2). The SSAGA was designed to assess lifetime DSM-IV substance use disorders and related psychiatric disorders, as well as psychosocial domains. The study was approved by Washington University School of Medicine Human Research Protection Office and by the Ethics Board of the State Department of Health and Senior
Both alcohol use and depressive symptoms are prevalent in adolescents and young adults (1–3). Additionally, several studies report the co-occurrence of alcohol use and depressive symptoms (4–6). For example, of young depressive adolescents under grade 10, 39% female vs. 14.8% male have ever used alcohol (7). Given co-occurrence of underage alcohol use and early depressive symptoms, disentangling the sequence of alcohol initiation (AI) and depressive symptom onset (DSO) will provide clues for prevention of negative health outcomes associated with co-occurring alcohol use and depressive symptoms.
Limited evidence focuses on the sequence of AI and DSO and existing findings of the association of alcohol use and depressive symptoms …show more content…
By applying Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying covariates and stratifying by race/ethnic groups, we use depressive symptom onset to predict alcohol initiation and conduct parallel analyses using alcohol initiation to predict DSO. AI and DSO related risk factors, psychiatric disorders, and traumatic events are also examined.
METHODS
Sample
The Missouri Family Study (MOFAM) is a population-based family study of alcoholism and related conditions with an oversample of AA families. From 2003 to 2009, families with a child born in birth years to be aged 13,15, 17 or 19 at first interview, along with at least 1 other child over the age of 12, were identified from Missouri state birth records. The detailed method of family ascertainment is described in a previous publication (1).
Procedure and assessment battery Data were collected by trained interviewers via telephone interview using a modified version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) (2). The SSAGA was designed to assess lifetime DSM-IV substance use disorders and related psychiatric disorders, as well as psychosocial domains. The study was approved by Washington University School of Medicine Human Research Protection Office and by the Ethics Board of the State Department of Health and Senior