Migration can be defined in terms of spatial boundaries as internal and international. Internal migration is the movement of individuals within a country whereas international migration involves the flow of individuals between countries where national boundaries are crossed. The UN (1970:2) defines migration as: “a move from one migration defining area to another (or a move of some specified minimum distance) that was made during a given migration interval and that involves change of residence.” A migrant is also defined as: “a person who has changed his usual place of residence from one migration-defining area to another (or who moved some specified minimum distance) at least once during the migration interval” (UN, 1970:2).
Migration is considered …show more content…
His hypothesis were first published in the Geographical Magazine of 1876 in which he reacted against the view of an earlier demographer, W. Farr, who remarked that migration occurs without any definite law. Later, Raven stein published two papers in the Journal of the Statistical Society in June 1886 and June 1889. The first paper was the result of an extensive study of British Census’s Place of Birth Tables of 1871 and 1881 and the second paper on the basis of data from 20 other countries of North America and Europe. A summary of laws as appeared in these papers is given …show more content…
4) Migration in excess of urban job opportunity growth rates is not only possible but also rational and probable in the face of continued positive urban-rural ‘expected’ income differentials.
The advantage of Todaro model is that it admits the urban unemployment. He also thinks all the rural- urban migration occurs not merely on the basis of expectation or probability. The ignorance of urban situation on the part of the migrant may also leads to migration. One important drawback of Todaro model is that it ignores the non-economic factors.
2.3.3 Behavioral Decision-making Approaches
According to Wolpert, migration takes place when the ‘place utility’ in a few locations becomes greater than that of the present location. The concept of place utility is defined as “the net composite of utilities which are derived from the individual’s integration at some time and space…May be expressed as a positive or negative quality expressing respectively the individual’s satisfaction or dissatisfaction with respect to that place”. Wolpert thus became a key figure in the evolution of behavioral approaches. Peoples migrate to a place that provides a high overall place utility than either the origin or alternative destination. The behavioral approach also introduced the concept of ‘stress. Accordingly, in the present location satisfying human will
Migration is considered …show more content…
His hypothesis were first published in the Geographical Magazine of 1876 in which he reacted against the view of an earlier demographer, W. Farr, who remarked that migration occurs without any definite law. Later, Raven stein published two papers in the Journal of the Statistical Society in June 1886 and June 1889. The first paper was the result of an extensive study of British Census’s Place of Birth Tables of 1871 and 1881 and the second paper on the basis of data from 20 other countries of North America and Europe. A summary of laws as appeared in these papers is given …show more content…
4) Migration in excess of urban job opportunity growth rates is not only possible but also rational and probable in the face of continued positive urban-rural ‘expected’ income differentials.
The advantage of Todaro model is that it admits the urban unemployment. He also thinks all the rural- urban migration occurs not merely on the basis of expectation or probability. The ignorance of urban situation on the part of the migrant may also leads to migration. One important drawback of Todaro model is that it ignores the non-economic factors.
2.3.3 Behavioral Decision-making Approaches
According to Wolpert, migration takes place when the ‘place utility’ in a few locations becomes greater than that of the present location. The concept of place utility is defined as “the net composite of utilities which are derived from the individual’s integration at some time and space…May be expressed as a positive or negative quality expressing respectively the individual’s satisfaction or dissatisfaction with respect to that place”. Wolpert thus became a key figure in the evolution of behavioral approaches. Peoples migrate to a place that provides a high overall place utility than either the origin or alternative destination. The behavioral approach also introduced the concept of ‘stress. Accordingly, in the present location satisfying human will