The article “Intelligence”, by Oded Zipory, discusses the arguments to conceptualize a meaning for intelligence. Zipory includes biological and social factors that influence each theory, but he also addresses the main root that leads to these conclusions: inequality. In response to his work, I will compare his thesis to the what I have learned from his point of view and what I have researched and observed in personal experiences. Zipory does not propose a meaning for intelligence, instead he presents the concepts by other scholars that attempt to define our intellectual ability. However, we can draw our own conclusion from these points of views. Personally, I agree with the nonexistence of a superior intelligence for we all possess different
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The article “Cultural Perceptions of Human Intelligence”, by the University of Notre Dame, reviews how intelligence is perceived by different theory frameworks and by cultures in many parts of the world. They first talk about what culture consists about; it is compound by four main concepts: the customary behavior of a group of people; the code that includes expectations, emotions, and assumptions; artifacts, things that are value to a culture; cultural institution, religion, politics, and other social organizations. In order to interact in these factors, there should be a scene of intelligence. The cross-cultural studies of intelligence have presented then two views about the concept of intelligence: The Relativists and The Universalists’ perspective. The relativist argues that intelligence is relative; it is the combination of abilities to survive in a culture in the same environment and that the actions involved in this culture are carried out at different times by different groups. Unlike the relativist, the universalist argues that there are universal abilities to solve problems regardless of the environment and they are developed according to the ecological environment since we are species that adapt to fit in an environment. Nonetheless, all these theories discuss the same topic of intelligence inequality and equality within individuals. Assuming the relativist’s view is correct, then the intelligence developed in certain culture will not be equal nor shared in any other culture than their own. While on the universalist’s view, we all possess the same abilities on solving problems that makes us suit in different
The article “Cultural Perceptions of Human Intelligence”, by the University of Notre Dame, reviews how intelligence is perceived by different theory frameworks and by cultures in many parts of the world. They first talk about what culture consists about; it is compound by four main concepts: the customary behavior of a group of people; the code that includes expectations, emotions, and assumptions; artifacts, things that are value to a culture; cultural institution, religion, politics, and other social organizations. In order to interact in these factors, there should be a scene of intelligence. The cross-cultural studies of intelligence have presented then two views about the concept of intelligence: The Relativists and The Universalists’ perspective. The relativist argues that intelligence is relative; it is the combination of abilities to survive in a culture in the same environment and that the actions involved in this culture are carried out at different times by different groups. Unlike the relativist, the universalist argues that there are universal abilities to solve problems regardless of the environment and they are developed according to the ecological environment since we are species that adapt to fit in an environment. Nonetheless, all these theories discuss the same topic of intelligence inequality and equality within individuals. Assuming the relativist’s view is correct, then the intelligence developed in certain culture will not be equal nor shared in any other culture than their own. While on the universalist’s view, we all possess the same abilities on solving problems that makes us suit in different