An as ex-convict before earning his PhD in criminology, Stephen C. Richards book, The Marion Experiment, provides a unique prospective into prisons. The book is composed of the first-person accounts by prisoners who were previously or currently incarcerated in high-security facilities. He gives the reader a look into long-term solitary confinement and supermax prisons. According to Richards, the act of holding children in solitary confinement has been a fundamental component in the process of criminalizing youth. This will lead them to entry to adult criminal justice system rather than a reentry into society which feeds into the cycle of crime. Lorna Rhodes also cites the cycle when she wrote in University of California Press in Berkeley, California
