Introduction The Johnstown Flood which was one of the worst disasters ever happened in U.S. history by far which was also the most famous dam failure. Johnstown is situated about 50 miles east-southeast of Pittsburgh, in the Allegheny Mountains, in the southeastern Pennsylvania. There was the “South Fork Hunting and Fishing Club” whose members included Andrew Carnegie, Henry Frick and Andrew Mellon. The club had bought the abandoned earth fill dam and the reservoir known as Lake Conemaugh. The purpose of it was a pleasure lake used for sailing and ice boating. Therefore, the maintenance of the dam was done so little due to the operation under the “South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.” Due to the poor operation of the reservoir, there were
