Course objective 2 was incorporated in this activity I was able to define and provide examples of Behavior, response, response class, environment, stimulus and stimulus class, stimulus equivalence (US, UR), respondent conditioning (CS, CR) and Operant conditioning, responded-operant interactions, unconditioned reinforcement, conditions reinforcement, unconditioned punishment, conditioned punishment. The activity clearly defined the target behavior and provided an example of how behavior can be affected by…
Most children are often very verbal and will be able to explain their thinking and their ideas. . 5.Briefly, describe any extraneous variables and in what way(s) you will control them The “environmental atmosphere which tell the participant how to behave, like features in the surrounding or researcher’s non-verbal behavior” (Statistics…
Research and explain how current practice is influenced by Theories of development include; Piaget – Intellectual, Freud – psychoanalytic, Maslow – Humanist, Bandura – Social Learning, Skinner – Operant Conditioning, Watson – Behaviourist. Also explain how you holistically use these theories to work together e.g. EYFS – Holistic approach to learning is known as social pedagogy The theorist whose theory is physical development is Arnold Gesell. His theory is that most physical skills cannot be taught but is programmed in our genetics, which means we will learn different physical skills when our body is ready to. In our setting, we support this by encouraging children but not forcing them to develop a physical skill.…
Bandura’s theory of learning relies heavily on the concepts of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and modeling. Humans are active information processors and think about the relationship between their behavior and possible consequences. Observational learning could not occur unless cognitive processes were at work. For example, children observe the people around them behaving in various ways. This is illustrated during the Bobo doll experiment.…
Social learning theory contends that “behavior is shaped by the stimuli that follow” (Stevens & Smith, pg. 271).…
Operant conditioning in this theory is basically rewarding and punishing. For example if a child had done well at school then they would get rewarded for doing so with sticker charts or sweets or even praise. On the other hand if a child has been naughty and done something wrong then they should be punished with maybe a naughty corner etc. This theoretically teaches the child right and wrong. This links to the development of PIES at the infancy stage because of the intellectual, social and emotional development.…
Executive function refers to the cognitive systems that control and manage other cognitive processes. Executive functions help people to manage their life tasks; some of these processes let children to be organized and keep track of things physically and mentally. Working memory helps children to keep information in their mind. Decision making helps them to think before they act. Also Executive function helps them in attention, focus and other more tasks.…
First is the incapacity of the child to personally stop a reaction to behaviors or thoughts. Second is the inability for young children to stop an action on command. This concept stems from the idea of perseveration, which is the tendency of young children to stay focused on a single thought for an extended period of time. It takes many years for children to develop a reasonable amount of brain capability to fully develop impulse control. A young child cannot be held responsible for something their brain is physically not capable of doing (Berger,…
A classic princess story, Cinderella remains to be one of Disney’s most popular movies. However, what is disturbing is the manner in which this movie imposes gender roles by depicting women in a negative manner. This film seems to be reinforcing the notion that women are weaklings and that the only way in which any society can survive is by upholding male dominance and embracing female submissiveness. The movie begins by showing Cinderella living happily with her parents in a faraway kingdom.…
Behaviorist theorists believe learning is most likely to take place by establishing reinforcements for desired behavior in the classroom. Mr. Danza was able to adapt these notions and give his…
For an example a child that may overhear their parents or valued adult figure convey a racial slur, that child is more likely to repeat what they heard, and if that child understand the meaning behind the comment, it will negatively alter their racial views towards that group of individuals (Levi, 2009). According to Bandura modeling may encourage a behavior that was formerly known as forbidden, in this case vicarious reinforcement has a disinhibition effect (Ormrod, 2016). For an example a child that is constantly exposed to a certain behavior regardless it is an inappropriate one they are more likely to mock that behavior because of constant exposure. Walters and colleagues conducted a study that involved a group of adults viewing a film that depicted both aggression and violence or a film that was more neutral and then asked to administer shocks to other individuals. Those that watched the violent film administered more intense “shocks” to the confederates, “the film apparently disinhibited previously learned aggressive behavior” (Ormrod, 2016).…
There were a few results from this experiment. The first being that older children saw more violence through the internet than younger children. It was also found that boys and children from the middle socioeconomic status group played more video games with violent content. It was also reported that traumatic violence was viewed more by older children but had a greater impact on younger children. Boys experienced more indirect violence than girls, but girls were affected by it more.…
The Nature versus Nurture argument has been a complicated altercation for the past two centuries. While the ideas involved in the debate have existed for hundreds of years, the argument itself began in the 19th century. It can be considered one of the oldest arguments in history. Nativists and empiricists are the two names coined for those unequivocally declaring either nature or nurture as their standpoint. Nativists are for the nature side, which is in contrast to empiricists who are for the nurture perspective.…
Reading is a crucial element that parents should teach their children to instill into their life. The benefits of children who read more include being more academically inclined, better at logical thinking, and expanding their vocabulary more. In order to help parents administer the importance of reading to their children, we must find a way where children can view reading as a positive task and not a dreadful chore. This can be done through three different ways: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. These principles will help motivate children to read more often and help parents stimulate their children to have positive future results.…
The transfer of knowledge for behaviourist is through stimuli’s and…