Through the powerful economy that was established within the Islamic civilization, the massiveness of the empire was built upon the wealth that was brought in by the power of trade. The trade routes that ran through Arabia went throughout Asia and Africa, allowing merchants to converse with different cultures, and learn from them about developments. Islamic culture encouraged learning the sciences, and was seen as an individual duty for believers ("Science and technology in Medieval Islam"). Learning about things that would allow human life to be easier and more abundant was welcomed so much of the discoveries of the Islamic caliphates based on humanistic sciences like astronomy (for navigational purposes), medical knowledge, agriculture, mathematics, chemistry, and technology (Islamic History). The trade routes also drove to new technologies being discussed in astronomy and navigation so merchants could arrive at destinations quicker and easier ("Science and technology in Medieval Islam"). Centers of scholarship were founded in urbanized cities like Baghdad to fuel these developments. In the Medieval Sourcebook, Baghdad under the Abbasids, c. 1000 CE mentions that there were “numerous colleges of learning” (William Stearns …show more content…
Muslim cities also had water systems with sewer systems, public baths, and piped drinking water that also improved the daily lives of its habitants and also prevented disease (Islamic History). The Islamic civilization was majorly advanced due to the importance of scholarship driven by the religion to work for the greater good to improve human lives. Islamic cities were very tolerant of their inhabitants, allowing people of different ethnicities and faiths to cohabitate. As Dr. Joseph Manzione stated within the introduction into the Islamic Caliphates, “So long as the large subject populations acknowledged the rule of the caliphate and the primacy of Islam, paid their taxes, and provided men for the caliph’s troop levies, they were largely left alone to practice their own beliefs and behaviors and to engage freely in trade and business […]” (Manzione). The region was very tolerant of beliefs and behaviors, which made their way of life beautiful and allowed their environment to only yearn for scholarship and strive for the common good. Although there were high levels of tolerance within the cities, there were rules that were used as guidelines to ensure that the people did not stray and cause instability