Self Efficacy Examples

Gender refers to the state of being male or female (Witt-Rose, 2003). According to WHO, gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics of men and women. On the other hand, self-efficacy is the confidence that people have in their abilities that they can successfully perform a particular task (Bandura, 1997). Therefore, science self-efficacy is the belief in one’s own capability to do sciences and execute skills and knowledge needed to manage science content and processes (Decanio, 2006). According to Bandura (1997), there are four sources of self-efficacy i.e. mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasions and physiological or emotional states. Most research has shown that the main source of self-efficacy for females is vicarious experiences and social persuasions while that of males is mastery experiences (Zeldin & pajare, 2000).
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Moreover, Macphee etal in his longitudinal study of self-efficacy in underrepresented science and math majors noted that as much as self-efficacy of both males and females in college science was high and that that of males was slightly higher than that of females, the self-efficacy of females in science and math majors improved through college bridging the slight gap by the end of college since sef-efficacy of males remained relatively constant. However, students who offer sciences at college level may have higher self-efficacy regardless of gender (Witt-Rose, 2003; Pajare, 2006). This research will therefore focus on ordinary level students who have not yet chosen career paths. Moreover, Macphee etal used participants from MacNair scholars program helping minorities with high academic potential where they are given mentoring programs that can enhance self-efficacy but this research will use all students regardless of their academic