The most characteristic form of citizenship in modern democracies until the present has been a single and exclusive citizenship within the nation-state. However, while state-building and nation-building went hand in hand in the past, there are obvious problems and challenges in drawing too tight a connection between citizenship and the nation-state because it is estimated that there are between 5000 and 9000 ethnic-cultural groups in the world, and only around 200 states, over 90% of which contain more than one ethnic group. (Bellamy 2008:71). According to this fact, the best way to tackle the pluralist realities of modern society is to separate ethnic identity from the state in the same way that the church should be separated from the state (Faulks 2000:88).
A defense of cultural identity creates a hostile atmosphere to minorities and restrains pluralism and vibrancy of diversity. Therefore, Habermas and later particularly Jan-Werner Müller (2007) have developed an alternative basis for citizenship, which they call ‘constitutional patriotism’. They believed a nationalistic collective identity was no longer reasonable in a …show more content…
Kalu 2009:10). Globalization appears to challenge the contemporary relevance of citizenship because it blurs the boundaries, both especially political and social spheres, which have made citizenship significant for many issues (Faulks 2000:132). Globalization also continues to generate radical transformations in citizenship because it has put new strains on the institutions of citizenship insofar as traditional forms of citizenship are grounded in the nation-state (Turner 1993:8). Thus scholars have attempted to reconstruct meaning and content of citizenship beyond the national sphere through various forms such as multiple citizenship, global or world citizenship to face new challenges of
A defense of cultural identity creates a hostile atmosphere to minorities and restrains pluralism and vibrancy of diversity. Therefore, Habermas and later particularly Jan-Werner Müller (2007) have developed an alternative basis for citizenship, which they call ‘constitutional patriotism’. They believed a nationalistic collective identity was no longer reasonable in a …show more content…
Kalu 2009:10). Globalization appears to challenge the contemporary relevance of citizenship because it blurs the boundaries, both especially political and social spheres, which have made citizenship significant for many issues (Faulks 2000:132). Globalization also continues to generate radical transformations in citizenship because it has put new strains on the institutions of citizenship insofar as traditional forms of citizenship are grounded in the nation-state (Turner 1993:8). Thus scholars have attempted to reconstruct meaning and content of citizenship beyond the national sphere through various forms such as multiple citizenship, global or world citizenship to face new challenges of