For many, first-time parents express an expectation of joy, fulfillment, pleasure, and excitement (Durkin, Harwood, & McLean, 2007). During pregnancy, these optimistic expectations have been associated with reduced negative effects, more positive mood states, and adaptive behavior (Durkin, Harwood, & McLean, 2007). Although these positive expectations have been linked with greater psychological health during pregnancy, they have the potential to substantially increase the negative reaction when expectations are not met (Durkin, Harwood, & McLean,
For many, first-time parents express an expectation of joy, fulfillment, pleasure, and excitement (Durkin, Harwood, & McLean, 2007). During pregnancy, these optimistic expectations have been associated with reduced negative effects, more positive mood states, and adaptive behavior (Durkin, Harwood, & McLean, 2007). Although these positive expectations have been linked with greater psychological health during pregnancy, they have the potential to substantially increase the negative reaction when expectations are not met (Durkin, Harwood, & McLean,