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Awareness
Fine arts, literature, classical and popular music, drama, games and sports.
Unawareness
Conception of beauty, definition of sin, relationship to animals, courtship practices. Patterns of superior/subordinate relations.
3. What are some examples of "above-surface level" culture?
Fine arts, literature, classical and popular music, drama, games and sports.
4. What are some examples of "below-surface level" culture in the iceberg concept?
Conception of beauty, definition of sin, relationship to animals, courtship practices. Patterns of superior/subordinate relations.
5. Distinguish between “culture” and “nation”; “culture” and “race”; and “culture” and “ethnicity”.
Nation—a political term referring to a government and set of formal and legal mechanisms that have been established to regulate the political behavior of its people
Nations may be inhabited predominantly by one culture or many
Race—a term that refers to genetic or biologically based similarities among people
Similarities are distinguishable and unique
Similarities function to “mark” or separate groups from one another Often seen more as a political or social term than a biological one “Race” is seen as a more encompassing term than culture—for example, not all Caucasian people are part of the same nation or culture. Ethnicity—a term that is used to refer to a wide variety of groups who might share a language, historical origin, religion, identification with a common nation-state, or cultural system “Ethnicity” is seen as a more encompassing term than culture—for example, one might say he/she is Greek but not share in the Greek culture 6. What is a “subculture”? “Co-culture”? Why do we generally avoid using these terms? Subculture is a term sometimes used to refer to a racial or ethnic minority group that shares both a common nation-state with other cultures and some aspects of the larger culture Co-culture is a term used to imply several cultures “co-existing” Both terms are often seen negatively as they imply subordination of one group to a larger, more dominate group 7. What are the six forces that create cultural differences? How are these forces interrelated and what is the consequence on cultures? History—unique experiences that have become a part of a culture’s collective wisdom Ecology—External environment in which the culture lives Technology—inventions a culture has created or borrowed Biology—inherited characteristics that cultural members share Institutional Networks—formal organizations that structure activities for large numbers of people Interpersonal Communication patterns—face-to-face verbal and nonverbal coding systems used to convey meanings and intentions 7. What do we mean when we say “cultural differences fall on a continuum”? When are people “from a different culture”? IC occurs when large and important cultural differences create dissimilar interpretations and expectations about how to communicate competently What differences among groups of people constitute cultural differences? How extensive are those differences? How does extended communication change the effects of cultural differences? What is it about the people, communication, situation, or some combination of these that increases the likelihood that the communication becomes intercultural? 9. Define the following: intercultural communication; intracultural communication; cross-cultural communication; international communication; interethnic and interracial communication. Intracultural Communication—communication between culturally similar individuals Cross-cultural Communication—study of a particular idea or concept within many cultures, ultimately leading to a comparison/contrast of one culture to another on the idea or concept International Communication—communication among people from different nations Interethnic/Interracial Communication—communication between members of two different ethnic groups or two different racial groups 10. …show more content…
What do each of the following cultural patterns deal with: activity orientation, social relations orientation, self- orientation, world orientation, and time orientation?
Activity orientation
How a culture views human actions and the expression of self through activities
Start with point on “being—becoming—doing” continuum
Success is measured differently
Work and play are seen as separate
Interpersonal communication patterns are shaped accordingly
Social relations orientation
How people in a culture organize themselves and relate to one another
Emphasizes differences and social hierarchy to equality and absences of hierarchies
Degree of importance of formality is affected
Importance of group over individuals is affected
Definition of social and gender roles can vary
Directness and confrontational approaches vary
Social reciprocity is affected
Self-orientation
How people view themselves and how their identities are formed
Individual or group identity is emphasized
Changeability becomes important—can become “better”
Source of human motivation—external or internal—is emphasized
Duties, rights, or a combination distinguishes
Fine arts, literature, classical and popular music, drama, games and sports.
Unawareness
Conception of beauty, definition of sin, relationship to animals, courtship practices. Patterns of superior/subordinate relations.
3. What are some examples of "above-surface level" culture?
Fine arts, literature, classical and popular music, drama, games and sports.
4. What are some examples of "below-surface level" culture in the iceberg concept?
Conception of beauty, definition of sin, relationship to animals, courtship practices. Patterns of superior/subordinate relations.
5. Distinguish between “culture” and “nation”; “culture” and “race”; and “culture” and “ethnicity”.
Nation—a political term referring to a government and set of formal and legal mechanisms that have been established to regulate the political behavior of its people
Nations may be inhabited predominantly by one culture or many
Race—a term that refers to genetic or biologically based similarities among people
Similarities are distinguishable and unique
Similarities function to “mark” or separate groups from one another Often seen more as a political or social term than a biological one “Race” is seen as a more encompassing term than culture—for example, not all Caucasian people are part of the same nation or culture. Ethnicity—a term that is used to refer to a wide variety of groups who might share a language, historical origin, religion, identification with a common nation-state, or cultural system “Ethnicity” is seen as a more encompassing term than culture—for example, one might say he/she is Greek but not share in the Greek culture 6. What is a “subculture”? “Co-culture”? Why do we generally avoid using these terms? Subculture is a term sometimes used to refer to a racial or ethnic minority group that shares both a common nation-state with other cultures and some aspects of the larger culture Co-culture is a term used to imply several cultures “co-existing” Both terms are often seen negatively as they imply subordination of one group to a larger, more dominate group 7. What are the six forces that create cultural differences? How are these forces interrelated and what is the consequence on cultures? History—unique experiences that have become a part of a culture’s collective wisdom Ecology—External environment in which the culture lives Technology—inventions a culture has created or borrowed Biology—inherited characteristics that cultural members share Institutional Networks—formal organizations that structure activities for large numbers of people Interpersonal Communication patterns—face-to-face verbal and nonverbal coding systems used to convey meanings and intentions 7. What do we mean when we say “cultural differences fall on a continuum”? When are people “from a different culture”? IC occurs when large and important cultural differences create dissimilar interpretations and expectations about how to communicate competently What differences among groups of people constitute cultural differences? How extensive are those differences? How does extended communication change the effects of cultural differences? What is it about the people, communication, situation, or some combination of these that increases the likelihood that the communication becomes intercultural? 9. Define the following: intercultural communication; intracultural communication; cross-cultural communication; international communication; interethnic and interracial communication. Intracultural Communication—communication between culturally similar individuals Cross-cultural Communication—study of a particular idea or concept within many cultures, ultimately leading to a comparison/contrast of one culture to another on the idea or concept International Communication—communication among people from different nations Interethnic/Interracial Communication—communication between members of two different ethnic groups or two different racial groups 10. …show more content…
What do each of the following cultural patterns deal with: activity orientation, social relations orientation, self- orientation, world orientation, and time orientation?
Activity orientation
How a culture views human actions and the expression of self through activities
Start with point on “being—becoming—doing” continuum
Success is measured differently
Work and play are seen as separate
Interpersonal communication patterns are shaped accordingly
Social relations orientation
How people in a culture organize themselves and relate to one another
Emphasizes differences and social hierarchy to equality and absences of hierarchies
Degree of importance of formality is affected
Importance of group over individuals is affected
Definition of social and gender roles can vary
Directness and confrontational approaches vary
Social reciprocity is affected
Self-orientation
How people view themselves and how their identities are formed
Individual or group identity is emphasized
Changeability becomes important—can become “better”
Source of human motivation—external or internal—is emphasized
Duties, rights, or a combination distinguishes